The National Security Policy

The National Security Policy Most Potentially valuable Suggestions for Improving the National Security Policymaking Process Perfect objective setting is a helpful recommendation that can help in improving the strategy making process. Objectives ought to be verbalized in an unmistakable and succinct way. Clear objectives ought to think about the indispensable needs of the individuals in the nation. A profound investigation and determination of the most ideal alternatives ought to be done to guarantee that the administration utilizes the best and the best methodology towards the arrangement making process.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on The National Security Policy-Making Process explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other imperative thought would be an away from of strategy and justification after the examination. This alludes to the way toward making arrangements, projects and choices required in the strategy making in order to guarantee that the decisions made can't impacted by political malevolence and winning mindsets1. Also, viable execution of the procedure is incredibly crucial. By and large, there are issues worried about breakdowns of correspondence and hierarchical issues about governmental issues and media. There is a need to follow a legit method of executing the policymaking procedure and its implementation2. Without a successful execution, the objective of the policymaking procedure can be lost, and the outcomes may get awful to the nation. Moreover, the arrangement making procedure ought to be checked and evaluated as legally necessary. There ought to be measures set to guarantee that the procedure runs easily without interruptions. There ought to be no rigidities during execution, and this empowered by the utilization of checking instruments. In the wake of completing the policymaking procedure, there ought to be clear input circles to evaluate the aftereffects of the arrangements concerned3. Another essential method of improving the national security policymaking is making solid memory stockpiling and a capacity to review the most indispensable data. Memory stockpiling guarantees that approach producers gain from encounters, and they utilize the encounters to settle on the best choices in each progression of policymaking. For instance, a recently chosen government can utilize data from the past governments’ chronicles to make an ideal learning capacity dependent on the encounters. The high mechanical improvement clears the world everywhere away of information and data for later recovery. The above recommendations improve the security policymaking process in the country4.Advertising Looking for coursework on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The least possibly helpful proposals for improving the national security policymaking process Making the president be in charge of the approach making process isn't as indispensable as t he previously mentioned recommendations. Policymaking needs control and a president can designate those obligations to a solid body or individual. Note that the president can lead a nation, however that doesn't imply that he has the ability expected to supervise strategy making process. What's more, a president for the most part has numerous obligations with the end goal that it gets hard to get sufficient opportunity to administer the strategy making process in a powerful manner. This is the explanation with regards to why the president doesn't need to be the person who controls the national security policymaking process. The main thing that he ought to do is to guarantee that he gives the duties to solid people who will supervise the procedure without outer or individual impacts. Likewise, the president ought to guarantee that assets are used in the most ideal manner conceivable to maintain a strategic distance from malevolent dealings. The president ought to likewise guarantee th at there exists an arrangement of responsibility, with the goal that he can know about what the individuals who are in control do and don't do. Consequently, a president doesn't need to be accountable for the strategy making process, he just needs to guarantee that he gives the obligations to solid persons5. Reference index Goleman, Daniel. Social knowledge: the new study of human connections. New York: Bantam Books, 2006. Hasler, Susan. Knowledge. New York: Thomas Dunne Books-St. Martins Press, 2010. Pfiffner, James P and Mark Phythian. Knowledge and national security policymakingâ on Iraq:British and American points of view. School Station: Texas A M University Press, 2008.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on The National Security Policy-Making Process explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sarkesian, Sam C., John Allen Williams, and Stephen J. Cimbala. US national security:â policymakers, procedures, and governmental issues. fourth ed. Stone, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008. Harsh, Paul C and Daniel Druckman. Universal compromise after the Cold War. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000. Commentaries 1 James P. Pfiffner and Mark Phythian. Knowledge and national security policymaking on Iraq: British and American points of view (College Station: Texas A M University Press, 2008), 45. 2 Sam C. Sarkesian, John Allen Williams and Stephen J Cimbala. US national security:â policymakers, procedures, and governmental issues (fourth ed. Stone, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008), 37. 3 Paul C. Harsh and Daniel Druckman. Worldwide compromise after the Cold War (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000), 64. 4 Daniel Goleman. Social knowledge: the new study of human connections (New York: Bantam Books, 2006), 54. 5 Susan Hasler. Insight (New York: Thomas Dunne Books-St. Martins Press, 2010), 69.Advertising Searching for coursework on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More

Carnival Cruise - Case 16 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jamboree Cruise - 16 - Case Study Example These powers remember dangers from new contestants for to the market, haggling forces of the clients or the purchasers, dangers radiating from substitutes that could be items or administrations, bartering intensity of the providers, the degree of contention among the contending organizations, and the overall intensity of associations. The serious powers differ from nation to nation similarly that ventures fluctuate. For example, dangers of contestants into an industry are not the equivalent in various nations and are generally subject to the advancement of the host nation or the market being referred to. Here, there would be a higher danger from new contestants for an association working in the U.K than one working in a creating nation. The serious powers have a high evaluating while others have low appraising. In the first place, danger of new contestants is a high rate hazard for organizations particularly those working in exceptionally beneficial markets. This is on the grounds that these business sectors can possibly pull in new firms that lead to disintegration of benefit making abilities for the current associations. To react to these dangers, the officeholders ought to have pre-built up section hindrances, for example, economies of scale inability to which benefit endures. Second, the bartering intensity of the purchasers is a high rate chance. It is the possibility of the purchasers driving the costs down. It is a high hazard particularly in the zones where there are barely any ground-breaking purchasers. These purchasers have the ability to direct terms that decide the costs of the merchandise advertised. Furthermore, when the expense for changing to another purchaser is low, at that point the intensity of the purchasers is essentially low regarding deciding the costs advertised. Along these lines, the quantity of influential individual purchasers in a predefined showcase decides the costs of the items. Third, substitute dangers can likewise be evaluated as high dangers. This is on the grounds that the presence of substitutes improves the probability of the clients changing to them prompting misfortune and loss of

6 Things to Do When Changing Jobs

6 Things to Do When Changing Jobs The times of the â€Å"company man,† are previously. Truth be told, Americans will in general remain at their employments for a normal of simply 4.6 years, as per the latest report from the Bureau of work Statistics. That implies that these equivalent Americans will hold a sum of almost 10 employments over the span of their working lives. With the probability of such huge numbers of occupation changes in your future, seeing prescribed procedures for proceeding onward is basic. Peruse on for six hints to guarantee that you exit your position on a positive note. 1. Give Ample NoticeWhile the expression â€Å"two weeks’ notice† is regularly heard, there’s no immovable standard for how much lead time you have to give your manager. To ensure the planning of your acquiescence is worthy, survey your worker handbook or check in with a HR representative.Also, remember that your activity history will remain with you as you travel through life. Regardless of whether you scorned your chief, it’s essential to keep your relationship on great standing by turning in an expert letter of resignation.2. Do Your JobEven if you’ve submitted your abdication, your activity is as yet your activity. Fight the temptation to be a â€Å"lame duck† and rather utilize this chance to show you’re focused in the group regardless of whether you’re proceeding onward. Put forth your best attempt to finish every single open task, and in the event that you can't wrap them up on schedule, leave a nitty gritty report for your kindred specialists or replacement.Speaking of your substitution, offer to assist your manager with the inquiry to fill your position. On the off chance that your substitution has been recruited, offer to help with his/her training.3. Spread Your BasesReview your get-away days, days off, commission installments, extraordinary pay, and whatever other remuneration which might be owed to you. Calendar a meeting with you r director or potentially a HR chief to arrange a reasonable settlement and affirm that you’re in the same spot in regards to what your last check will look like.4. Don’t Let the Door Hit You †¦The old articulation goes, â€Å"Be ideal to individuals on your way up. You’ll meet them in transit down.† Just in light of the fact that you’re leaving a vocation doesn’t mean you’re cutting binds with the organization and its representatives. Prior to leaving, reach data for your teammates.Also, pause for a minute to offer your thanks for the time you spent working close by coworkers.5. Be PreparedYou might be upbeat that you’re leaving, however that doesn’t mean every other person is. Your supervisor may make a counteroffer to request that you remain, or your associates may cause you attempt to feel coerce about deserting the group. Keep your collaborations proficient and charming at all times.At a few working environment s it’s standard working method to have a worker accompanied out of the structure on the spot in the wake of offering his/her renunciation. Be set up for this situation by getting together the entirety of your own things, expelling individual records and programming from your PC, and clearing out your desk.6. Expert Your Exit InterviewExit interviews are standard working convention at numerous work environments. Think about to what you’ll share about your purposes behind leaving. This is an opportunity to leave your working environment one final splitting blessing: the chance to make it a superior spot for the following worker who fills your shoes.While an energizing new position stays ahead, you’re still utilized by your present organization until the last time you exit that entryway. Following these six stages can help guarantee a smooth change to the following period of your profession.

Crime Control versus Due Process in Canada :: Criminal Justice Papers

Wrongdoing control and fair treatment are two diverse perfect kinds of criminal equity. One could state they are boundaries on a continuum. The job of wrongdoing control is to get the criminal off the road and to ensure the guiltless. The fair treatment model of criminal equity resembles a hindrance course, you need to prop up through lawful obstructions to guarantee at long last you convict the correct individual. In Canada the police lean toward wrongdoing control and the courts lean toward fair treatment. This causes strain between the police and the courts. I will contend for both wrongdoing control and fair treatment, putting more weight on fair treatment If we didn't have fair treatment in Canada, individuals in places of intensity, could control the framework for their very own or political addition and railroad the guiltless off to jail. One of the advantages of fair treatment is exhibited in the Belshaw case. The inquisitorial arrangement of equity depends on wrongdoing control; the Swiss police made some hard memories in Canada with Mr. Belshaw, in view of his entitlement to fair treatment, under Canadian law. The two frameworks of equity share basic convictions, for instance, the two of them search for confirmation past a sensible uncertainty. In Canada we quarrel over realities and laws, where-as the inquisitorial framework looks for the realities. The antagonistic framework has a division of forces with the police, crown, barrier, and the adjudicator. It is very extraordinary for the inquisitorial arrangement of equity, the police do the capture, at that point they present the realities to crown, which at that point choose if they have a case and give the proof to the adjudicator. The main issue is that the appointed authority chooses what will lead them to reality. How any proof was gathered is unessential. In fair treatment if the police get confirm and abuse the law or a people sanction of rights and opportunities the adjudicator will prohibit the proof from the consultation, regardless of whether it would help or demonstrate that the individual is blameworthy. These two frameworks of equity are produced in majority rule conventions. On account of Alois Dolejs the wrongdoing control model, was quick and took the criminal off the avenues. The police had a great deal of conditional proof, for instance, wicked materials and two unique sorts of blood. On the inform with respect to his lawyer, he was told not to unveil the area of the bodies, until after the preliminary.

Cómo consultar fácil estado solicitud visa americana

Cã ³mo consultar fcil estado solicitud visa History of the U.S Cualquier persona puede consultar el estado de todas las visas no inmigrante que ha solicitado recientemente o en el pasado ingresando an una pgina oficial del gobierno de Estados Unidos. Este artã ­culo, que aplica a visas no inmigrante como la de turismo, intercambio, inversiã ³n, estudiante, trabajo fleeting, religiosos, and so on muestra cã ³mo saber el estado de la solicitud y todos los tipos de respuesta que se pueden obtener y quã © significan.  ¿Quà © se necesita para verificar estado de solicitud de visa? Bets de empezar con el trmite es necesario tener a mano el cã ³digo de barras que se imprimiã ³ tras realizar la solicitud de visa por web mediante el formulario DS-160. A continuaciã ³n, introducir en esta pgina del Departamento de Estado ese nã ºmero y el nombre de la ciudad donde se realizã ³ la entrevista, si à ©sta ya tuvo lugar, o donde se realizar, en caso contrario.  ¿Quà © resultados se pueden obtener al verificar el estado de tramitaciã ³n? Aparecer una pantalla en inglã ©s donde lo importante child cualquiera de las siguientes palabras: No Status. Quiere decir que se ha realizado la solicitud pero todavã ­a no ha comenzado su tramitaciã ³n dentro del sistema de visas. Dependiendo de la Embajada o consulado puede demorarse. Prepared. En estos momentos la tramitaciã ³n est en marcha. Right now tendr lugar la entrevista y la toma de huellas digitales. Si ya tuvo lugar o no es necesario, volver entrar al sistema dos dã ­as ms tarde para darle tiempo an actualizar el estado. Managerial Processing. En ocasiones y por razones varias una solicitud de visa no es ni aprobada ni negada. Simplemente se considera que es necesario hacer ms comprobaciones. En estos casos pasa an una situaciã ³n de procedimiento administrativo. El tiempo que se puede prolongar va desde unas semanas an incluso meses. Mientras tanto, el solicitante no puede hacer nothing. Si la oficina consular necesita documentaciã ³n adicional, la pedir. Given. La visa ha sido aprobada y est o bien en su à ºltima fase de gestiã ³n o en proceso de envã ­o. Una vez que aparece esa palabra, si no se recibe el pasaporte con la visa estampada en à ©l en el plazo de diez dã ­as, consultar con la Embajada o consulado a freight del trmite. Muchos consulados y embajadas de EE.UU. utilizan el servicio de mensajerã ­a de DHL para enviar los pasaportes con las visas estampadas en los mismos. El solicitante de la visa debe recogerla en la oficina de DHL que designã ³ en el momento de hacer la peticiã ³n. Si no lo hace dentro de plazo, la visa ser regresada a la delegaciã ³n consular y, si no se reclama en el plazo de un aã ±o, ser anulada. Cannot. La visa ha sido negada. Si el visado es negado no es verdad que se pueda apelar la decisiã ³n del oficial consular. Las anxieties de las visas no inmigrante se pueden rechazar por dos grandes categorã ­as: inelegibilidad o inadmisibilidad. Estas child las 20 causas ms frecuentesâ por las que el solicitante es inelegible. Adems, roughage que tener en cuenta estas 22 causas que convierten an una persona en inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Para evitar perder tiempo y dinero â€ya que es necesario volver a presentar una solicitud nueva y por lo tanto pagar de nuevo la tarifa de $160â€, es muy recomendable saber cul fue la causa del rechazo. Y segã ºn ocean analizar si es posible aplicar con à ©xito o no. Por ejemplo, si el problema fue que no se demostrã ³ con à ©xito lazos econã ³micos y familiares en el paã ­s de origen lo mejor esperar a que se produzca un cambio en la situaciã ³n del solicitante para tener ms à ©xito. Por ejemplo, tener un buen trabajo, haber formado una familia, propiedades, empresas, and so on. En otras palabras, todo lo que sirva para que el oficial consular no sospeche que la razã ³n para solicitar la visa ocean ingresar en EE.UU. con el balance de trabajar y/o quedarse en el paã ­s ms tiempo que el autorizado. Sin ban, si se rechazã ³ la solicitud porque con anterioridad la persona estuvo en Estados Unidos ilegalmente en Estados Unidos despuã ©s de cumplir los 18 aã ±os de edad por ms de 180 dã ­as, tendr un castigo que le impide regresar al paã ­s por tres o de 10 aã ±os, segã ºn las circunstancias. Otras situaciones que pueden dar lugar a problemas muy graves en la solicitud de la visa child la pertenenciaaâ las pandillas, el trfico de drogas, el mentir en una aplicaciã ³n para la visa o presentar documentos falsos, ya que se considera que es un fraude de ley, and so on. Cabe destacar que en casos muy particulares es posible pedir un perdã ³n para visa no inmigrante. Cuando se solicita la visa que se rechaza el oficial consular puede sugerir pedir un perdã ³n, tambiã ©n conocido como waiver o permiso, cuando crea que el solicitante reã ºne los requisitos para que el mismo le ocean concedido. Puntos clave: Cã ³mo comprobar el estado de solicitud de la visa History of the U.S En la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado www.ceac.state.gov es posible rastrear el estatus de la visa no inmigrante que se ha solicitado. Es necesario tener a mano la hoja de confirmaciã ³n con su cã ³digo de barras que se tuvo que imprimir cuando se iniciã ³ la solicitud de la visa mediante el formulario DS-160.En el rastreo pueden aparecer cinco resultados: No status (sin estatus), Ready (preparado), Administrative Processing (en proceso administrativo), Issued (emitida_ y Refused (rechazada).Las visas no inmigrante se rechazan por dos grandes categorã ­as de causas: inelegibilidad e inadmisibilidad. Este es un artã ­culo informativo. No es asesorã ­a lawful.

What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen

What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been Stolen What to Do if You Think Your Identity Has Been StolenHaving your identity stolen could jeopardize your credit rating and your entire financial future for years to come. Heres what you need to do.We recently discussed how to check your credit report for errors and what to do if you find them. In that post, we noted that sometimes errors can be a sign of fraud or identity theft, so we wanted to dive a little deeper into what you do if it happens to you.Spoiler alert: It happened to this writer when reviewing her credit report on the advice of this blog! There they were: two unfamiliar hard credit checks. It really can happen to anyoneâ€"it happened to an estimated 14.4 million people last yearâ€"even if you are as careful as can be with your private information. There’s no way around giving some companies your information, and when they have giant data breachesâ€"like Equifax did in 2017â€"millions of people are more vulnerable to fraud and identity theft.Remember, unscrupulous credi t checks can negatively impact your credit, nevermind if someone is able to open accounts in your name, run up debts, and never pay them. If you already have poor credit or are just starting to build credit, these actions can be especially devastating to your finances and credit score, leaving you vulnerable to predatory no credit check loans, bad credit loans, payday loans, and more when you need to borrow money.So what do you do if it happens to YOU?1. Report fraud / ID theft to the police.Your first step when you think you might be the victim of fraud or identity theft? File a report with the police, according to Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Officer with  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified).“This acts as your first official documentation that a crime has taken place,” says Lavelle. “Furthermore, many businesses and agencies require a police report as fraud-and-identity-theft proof before going through with their own investigations.”2. Alert the credit bureaus.If you found suspicious activity on one of your credit reports, you should alert the credit bureau in question as soon as possible. Remember, credit bureaus report differently, so you may see suspicious information on one report but not others. Sometimes you can file a dispute online, and sometimes you’ll have to call. This writer had to call. The service person opened the dispute immediately, the case was investigated, and the suspicious activity was removed from her report within twenty-four hours.The credit bureau followed up by mail to confirm the dispute results, and let her know that they contacted the other two credit bureaus about the incident on her behalf in the form of a fraud alert, which stays attached to the accounts for one year. However, it is advised that you contact all three bureaus directly yourself, just to be on the safe side.It also alerted her that they sent information to the vendor that requested the information from the credit bureau in the first place, instruc ting them to review the information and update their records as necessary.The credit bureau even let her know that, in addition to the three free credit reports that everyone has access to each year, she was entitled to an additional free credit report to help me monitor the situation.3. Alert related companies, if applicableThe credit bureau representative she talked to strongly recommended that she also contact the vendor who requested her information on her own, since a fraudster can exploit accounts for some time before it becomes apparent to victims or the accounts themselves.Some companies have their own portals for documenting potential fraud and identity theft. Be sure to carefully follow instructions, provide all the required documentation, and meet all deadlines to ensure your dispute is processed.4. Alert the Federal Trade Commission.Another agency to contact is the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) via IdentityTheft.gov. “If you suspect you are the victim of identity thef t, immediately report it to the FTC,” says Holly Zink, a scam and identity theft expert for  Kiwi Searches  (@kiwisearches). “You just tell them what happened by following the prompts on their site, and they will initially provide you with some information on some actions you can take.”The IdentityTheft.gov website also houses lots of information and resources about identity theft. For example, if you know exactly what information, such as a social security number, was lost or stolen (not always the case)â€"or if you’ve been alerted that you may be the victim of a specific data breachâ€"the website provides tips for what to do in each situation.5. Assess your financial accounts.This includes all your bank accounts and credit cards. “Keep an eye on your bank and credit accounts for any suspicious activity,” says   Lavelle. “If you see a charge that you don’t recognize it, immediately contact your bank or credit card services to contest it.”Zink also recommends setti ng up fraud alerts with your bank. “Your bank will call, email, or text message you if there are suspicious charges on your account,” she says. This can usually be done online, and you can usually customize the dollar amount that prompts an alert.6. Consider additional protection.When you report fraud or identity theft to credit bureaus, you’ll be given the option of placing a free one-year fraud alert on your credit report. You have to do this individually which each of the three big credit reporting agencies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.A fraud alert lets lenders (or anyone seeking information from your credit report) know that your account has been compromised and encourages them to take extra steps in order to verify your identity. In some cases, you may be able to get an extended seven-year fraud alert by filing an FTC identity theft report.Lavelle also recommends considering a credit freeze, which again, needs to be requested individually with each individual credi t reporting bureau. This will prevent any entity from accessing your credit information without your permission. “They will alert businesses and loan distributors of fraud and identity theft linked to your name and social security number. Thus, no one (including you) can request credit or loan services,” says Lavelle.If you know you are going to apply for something, such as aâ€"personal loanâ€"that requires a credit check, you will need to plan to manually unfreeze your account with a special pin number. It does not immediately unfreeze, which can be a pain, but it’s the only way to completely control who can access your credit information.You can also sign up for a credit monitoring service, which all three credit bureaus, as well as other entities, offer. Credit monitoring will alert you to any changes to your credit information, so you can verify them right away and deal with suspicious activity as soon as possible. If you have been the victim of a data breach, you may be e ntitled to free credit monitoring services.Final thoughts.Zink warns that adults are not the only victims of identity theft. “Many dont consider that a childs identity can be stolen,” she says. “With children not having a credit or job history, they are the perfect target. It usually takes many years for anyone to realize a child is a victim of identity theft.”Lavelle adds that elders can also be targets. “The elderly are at great risk for identity theft because they tend to more easily trust others with their personal information,” he says, “In addition, the fact that they didn’t grow up with the internet may make it a challenge for them to understand the steps they must take to protect their identity online.To learn more about how you can protect your identity and your money from scams and fraudsters, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:8 Tips to Spot an Online ImposterAre You Haunted by Phantom Debts?10 Scams That Target the ElderlyExpert Round up: 13 Signs You’re Being ScammedDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |InstagramContributorsJustin Lavelle is Chief Communications Officer for  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified)  and a leading expert on identity theft and scams. BeenVerified is  a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It allows individuals to find more information about people including: phone numbers, email addresses, property records, marital status, and criminal records in a way that’s fast, easy, and affordable.Holly Zink  is an online scam and identity theft expert for  Kiwi Searches  (@kiwisearches).  Kiwi Searches is an easy-to-use person search website, providing customers with information about people, phone numbers, and locations.

Effects of Stress on Health Research Assignment Paper - 275 Words

Effects of Stress on Health Research Assignment Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Effects of Stress on HealthFirst Name Last NameInstitutionIntroductionStress we all have felt it. Having sweaty hands on a first date, feeling the heart pounding so fast during an interview or breathing so fast during a contest. Then you realize that we can experience stress in both our body and mind. Stress is any change in the environment that will require your body to react adjusting in response (Krantz McCeney, 2002). Stress can be either positive force, motivating you to perform better e.g. getting good news about a job promotion or salary adjustment or negative force which has side effects to your body e.g. when a person faces misfortunes in life and many challenges without relief in between the challenges. Stress becomes negative in the body this results to the person being overworked and overwhelmed and stress related tension builds.Stress is not something that happens in your head alone; the effect reaches to almost every part of your body. Stress is a mech anism used by your body to respond to potential dangers; it is designed in such a way to help you successfully escape threats (Thorn et al 2007). When your brain notices a potential threat, it directs adrenal glands to secrete a hormone called adrenaline and cortisol. These are the hormones which increases the heart rate, blood pressure flow in your body. When stress becomes chronic rather than temporary it starts affecting your health negatively.Chronic stress results to sleep disturbance, when youre stressed, worries and anxieties cant allow you to turn off or you find yourself waking up more. Sleep deprivation has effect on your eating habits, which tends to make you down on calories and more fat. There is some individual variation in that, some people when under stress condition lose appetite for food and they lose weight while some people gains weight under stress condition.In flight or fight chemicals like adrenaline and cortisol are released which causes vascular changes. Thi s results to migraine ore tension headache, which can be during stress or the period afterwards (Denollet et al 2010). Cortisol interferes with the neurotransmitters which contain a chemical that is used by the brain cells to convey message to each other; as a result it becomes hard to recall past things.During pregnancy, stress can led to intrauterine growth restriction in the early gestation and in the third trimester stress can increase chances of premature labor. Stress is known to raise blood sugar in patients with diabetes type II (Krantz et al 2011). In digestion system, stress causes effects such as heartburn, stomach cramping, and stomach ulcers. Stress causes irritable bowel syndrome which is characterized by pain, constipation and diarrhea.In conclusion, reducing stress will make your health better right now and also in days to come. Its important to identi...

Euro Disney Essay - 6225 Words

Only one year after the grand opening of EuroDisneyland, Robert Fitzpatrick left his position as EuroDisney’s chairperson, citing a desire to start his own consulting firm. In April 1993, Philippe Bourguignon took over the helm of EuroDisney, thought by some to be a sinking ship. EuroDisney publicly reported a net loss of FFr188 million for the fiscal year ending September 1992, though cumulative losses through April 1993 approached half a billion dollars.1 The European park also fell one million visitors short of its goal for the first year of operations, with the French comprising only 29% of the park’s total visitors between April and September 1992—a far cry from the predicted 50%.2 In addition to the financial woes weighing on†¦show more content†¦A12. 5 Jefferson, â€Å"American Quits Chairman Post at Euro Disney,† p. B1. 2 A15-99-0007 In 1955, Walt decided to send his entourage of characters into the real world, through the creation of Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Walt’s Disneyland dream was to create a place where people from all over would be able to go for clean, safe fun, unlike the less-than-wholesome carnivals of the day. He wanted a place that would teach both young and old about America’s heritage and about the diversity of the world. Since July 17, 1955, Disneyland has stood as the icon of Walt’s dream—a park for family-type entertainment that would provide clean, safe fun. Cleanliness is a high priority. By 8 a.m., when the park opens, the cleaning crew will have mopped and hosed and dried every sidewalk, every street, and every floor and counter. This begins at 1 a.m., when more than 350 of the park’s 7400 employees commence the daily cleanup routine. This routine includes using steam machines, razor scrapers, and mops towed by Cushman scooters to literally scour the streets and sidewalks in an effort to rid them of the chewing gum and other garbage left behind. Other examples of the emphasis placed on the small details include one person working a full eight-hour shift to polish the brass on the Fantasy merry-go-round; treating the meticulously manicured plantings throughout the park with growth-retarding hormones to keep the trees and bushes from spreading beyond their assignedShow MoreRe latedEuro Disney2974 Words   |  12 PagesEuro Disney I found two mission statements for this company one is â€Å"to make people happy† and the other one is â€Å"we create happiness by providing the finest in entertainment to people of all ages, everywhere† (Strauss, h. n.d.). Each and every employee from maid to the president knows the mission statement. All employees are motivated to create happiness for their guest, and they do everyday. From what I have read and heard, Disney lives up to both of these statements. Euro Disney SRead MoreDisneyland Paris ( Formerly Euro Disney )1291 Words   |  6 PagesDisneyland Paris (formerly Euro Disney) While Tokyo Disneyland is considered a great success, the Walt Disney Company’s next international theme park venture, Euro Disney, is quite the opposite. In the 1980’s with the great success of Tokyo Disneyland, TWDC entertained the idea of building another international theme park. The Walt Disney Company knew they wanted to build a park in Europe but needed to find a place where they could build their own reality free from the sights and sounds of the realRead MoreEssay Euro Disney the Failure1269 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney is the world leader in family entertainment and one of the most valuable brands in the world. Recently, Walt Disney has decided to open up a Disney Theme Park in Hong Kong China, which will be the first theme park in China. 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The Disney executives also made a major mistake in understanding and researchingRead MoreEuro Disney - Case Study2145 Words   |  9 Pages1 Introduction Ââ€" Euro Disney s Plans and Reality When the International Offer of Shares for the Euro Disneyland S.C.A. (in the following called Euro Disney) was published in October 1989 the plans for this new enterprise of the Walt Disney group were ambiguous. The financial plans for the first year of operation projected total revenues of FF 5,482 million and a net profit after taxation of FF 204 million. For the following years the development should be even more impressive. At that time theRead MoreEuro Disney Case Study1353 Words   |  6 Pagesstill are to great success. Tokyo Disney followed with a slow start but quickly became a successful cash cow like the 2 parks in the United States. Disney next projected success was Euro Disney, today it goes by DIsney Paris. Disney was confident and quite optimistic that the 4th Disney theme park, located just over 30 minutes drive from one of the worlds biggest tourist attractions, Paris would be no different. Some would say a little too confident. However, Disney made some major plan ning mistakesRead MoreEuro Disney Case Study12599 Words   |  51 Pagescase fourteen Euro Disney: From Dream to Nightmare, 1987–94 Robert M. Grant At the press conference announcing Euro Disneyland SCA’s financial results for the year ended September 30, 1994, CEO Philippe Bourguignon summed up the year in succinct terms: â€Å"The best thing about 1994 is that it’s over.† In fact, the results for the year were better than many of Euro Disneyland’s long-suffering shareholders had predicted. Although revenues were down 15 percent – the result of falling visitor numbersRead MoreEuro Disney Case Essay3399 Words   |  14 PagesCase Analysis # 1 EuroDisney- Disney Land Paris 1. What factors lead to EuroDisneys poor performance during its first year of operation? EuroDisney had a disastrous first year in Paris, France. There were many reasons that contributed to the horrible start. I am going to discuss six reasons why I think EuroDisney had such a hard time adjusting in Europe. 1. It was cheaper for European families to travel to Disney World in Orlando, FL. Not only was the trip to Orlando going to be cheaperRead MoreEuro Disney Case Study1430 Words   |  6 Pagesculture * Disney executives believed in cultural inconsistencies such as: Europeans didn’t eat breakfast which is not true * Disney didn’t stress the entertainment value of visit to the theme park in their promotions which â€Å"ruined the magic† * Europeans only spent 1-2 days at the park which contrasted the American experience which lasted at least 2 days * Europeans had different vacation tendencies; they preferred a month of vacation to a year b.) Hong Kong Disney: * OnlyRead MoreEuro Disney: First 100 Days1911 Words   |  8 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The case â€Å"Euro Disney: First 100 days† talks about the issues faced by the Walt Disney Company when expanding to international borders. The case begins with the history of Disneyland and then describes the reasons behind its success and expansion to various states across the country. It then describes the success of Tokyo Disneyland, first Disney theme park outside America and the factors affecting it. It then describes Disney’s entry into Europe. The various entry barriers, decision

Standards for Teaching in the Modern Classroom - 1411 Words

Throughout the last century literacy and the definition of being literate has changed and evolved. No longer are teachers at an advantage by creating curriculums based on traditional lessons of ‘reading and ‘writing’. One must now incorporate every day language, and cultural influences, including technology to enhance the learning experience (Callow, 2011). Within the classroom, context and it’s various forms are highlighted (McDonald, 2013), and children are benefiting greatly from the allowance of multiple modes of learning, including visual and text used together as well as separately (Christie, 2005). Introducing a standard set of guidelines for the Australian Curriculum (ACARA, 2009) a definition of literacy can be set and built upon. Gee (2009), places emphasis on the need to understand ‘acquisition’ and ‘learning’, to greater understand how children learn. The following texts highlight the various valuable and relevant infor mation needed when determining what literacy actually means, with particular highlights on context in its various meanings, and how the educator can best teach literacy and literature in an evolving environment. ACARA. (2009). Shape of the Australian Curriculum: English. Available from http://www.acara.edu.au/verve/_resources/Australian_Curriculum_-_Engligh.pdf This paper sets out standards for teaching English in the classroom setting, providing a uniform set of ‘standards’ to adhere to on a national level. Particular focus is set onShow MoreRelatedProject Classroom Makeover, By Cathy Davidson1310 Words   |  6 Pages Change takes on the course of a gradual shift away from the traditional and into the modern. Such a process can take on the identity of many forms but in the end, they all contribute to the advancement of society. 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As well as understanding how students today act, standards that teachers have to follow, and Technology For many teachersRead MoreEffective Implementation of Differentiated Instruction926 Words   |  4 PagesDifferentiated Instruction in the Standards-Based Classroom Xavier Anderson EDUC 8011 Fall 2011 Walden University Introduction Most modern day classrooms are structured to operate under the premises that students must demonstrate mastery of specific state mandated standards in order to show academic growth. The purpose of this paper is to explore some effective methods to effectively implement differentiated instruction in the standards based classroom. As a result of various educationRead MorePrinciples, Policies Frameworks of Inclusive Schooling Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve policies and legislation related to Inclusive Education could influence attitudes towards the way society accepts difference. 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Examining a Witness; Memory Refreshing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2536 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The rules relating to refreshing memory allow a witness, who has forgotten everything about an incident, to still provide testimony. To that extent it subverts the purpose of examining a witness as it means they cannot be properly questioned about their recollection since they are testifying about what they are reading and not what they rememberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . To what extent do you agree with this statement? Introduction The general rule is that witnesses are not permitted to give oral evidence by reading out written statements that were prepared at an earlier time.[1] However, a witness may be permitted to refresh his/her memory from a document whilst testifying, particularly if his/her memory of an event is poor.[2] This essay considers whether the rules relating to refreshing memory subvert the purpose of examining a witness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining a Witness; Memory Refreshing" essay for you Create order The essay starts by considering the common law and statutory rules relating to the refreshment of memory. Finally, the essay considers whether the rules relating to the refreshment of memory subvert the very purpose of examining a witness. The rules relating to refreshing memory The law allows for witnesses to refresh their memories if they become forgetful. Such law is a combination of common law and statute. The common law makes a broad distinction between refreshing memory out of court and in court. At common law, a witness may refresh his/her memories from documents out of court before testifying.[3] Indeed, it is common practice for a witness to be shown his/her statement before giving evidence. It is courtesy to also inform the other side that this has happened. However, refreshing memory out of court must not represent an opportunity for witnesses to compare their statements or get their heads together to decide what to say[4] or to discuss the evidence they may give eve n if this takes place under the guise of a case conference by the police.[5] In Da Silva,[6] the Court of Appeal held that a judge has discretion to decide whether to allow a witness to refresh his/her memory out of court after commencing his/her testimony, provided that certain conditions were satisfied. However, in South Ribble Magistrate Ex. p. Cochcrane,[7] the court held that the conditions were not prerequisites to be fulfilled. In G. (Joel) (a Juvenile) (No. 1),[8] Henry, L.J. stressed that there were no fixed or immutable rules which must be followed before a witness may refresh his/her memory from an earlier document. This process has now been simplified by section 139 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CJA 2003à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), considered below, which merely requires any document to have been made at an earlier time rather than contemporaneously. At common law, a witness may refresh his/her memory in court from a document, provided that the document wa s made contemporaneously with the events in question, and was made or verified by the witness.[9] This does not mean that the document must have been made simultaneously with the event(s) at the first subsequent opportunity. For the purpose of the rule, it is sufficient, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“if the writing was made or verified at a time when the facts were still fresh in the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] The common sense principle underlying the common law rule for refreshing memory whilst testifying from a statement in a document is that the quality of the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s evidence is likely to be improved if the witness is allowed to use a statement made near the time as an aide-mÃÆ' ©moire. The same principle underlines section 139(1) of the CJA 2003, which sets out a different rule for refreshing memory. In criminal proceedings, the common law rule has not been repealed, but has in effect been replaced, and relaxed, by section 139(1) of the CJA 2003. Section 139(1) drops the common law requirement that the statement should be contemporaneous with the matters it deals with. It provides that a witness giving oral evidence in criminal proceedings about any matter may at any stage refresh his/her memory from a document made or verified by him/her at an earlier time if two conditions are satisfied. The witness must state in his/her oral evidence that the document records his/her recollection of the matter at the earlier time, and that his/her recollection of the matter is likely to have been significantly better at that time than it is at the time of his/her oral evidence. Section 139(2) has also supplemented the common law rule by providing for the refreshing of memory from a transcript of a sound recording. Under both the common law and section 139(1), the evidence is the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s oral testimony, not the document used to refresh. Where the use of the document does not in fact revive a hazy or forgotten m emory, there is no artificiality involved in maintaining this position. However, the common law doctrine of refreshing memory also extends to the case where the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory of the event does not revive, but the witness is prepared to testify to it on the basis that the contemporaneous record is accurate.[11] The doctrine of refreshing memory operates as a benevolent fiction in type of cases such as Maugham v Habbard.[12] The court in effect permits the witness to give reliable hearsay evidence, on the basis that the witness is prepared to vouch for the accuracy of the contemporaneous record. It is consistent with this function that the common law requires a document used in this type of case to refresh memory to be original.[13] In other cases, the witness may revive memory from any contemporaneous document made or verified by him/her. Section 120 of the CJA 2003 contains a useful provision to take account of this point about the hearsay use of documents whe re the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory is not in fact refreshed by reference to the document. This eliminates some of the need to rely on the fiction just described. Section 120 creates a new rule of admissibility of statements of past recollection recorded. This applies only to statement made by the witness, not to statement verified by him/her. When the statutory provision applies the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s statement will be the oral testimony plus the earlier hearsay statement. However, section 120 is not without interpretative difficulty as it omits to spell out in exactly what circumstances documents employed to refresh memory will become admissible as evidence of matters stated, either when the attempt to refresh the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ memory is unsuccessful or where portions of the document are not used for that purpose.[14] Do the rules relating to refreshing memory subvert the purpose of examining a witness? The purpose examination-in-chief is to elicit f rom the witness facts that support that partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case.[15] Cross-examining the witness provides the accused with an opportunity to confront the evidence against them. Its purpose is to elicit facts that are favourable to the cross-examiner and to test the veracity of, or discredit, the witness.[16] Re-examining re-establishes the credibility of the witness if this was shaken by the cross-examination.[17] Thus, examination of a witness enables the trier of facts to ascertain the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge as to the facts in dispute between parties. Its major purpose is to discover the truth about the event in question. It has been argued that cross-examination is not a means of getting to the truth.[18] However, such criticisms must be placed alongside the importance of putting the defence version of events to witnesses and to the court.[19] Cross- examining a witness is within the notion of a fair trial by which the accused has a right to examine, or to hav e examined, witnesses who are used to against them.[20] The assumption of examining a witness is that by observing and listening to a witness, the trier of facts is more able to assess the weight to be attached to the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s evidence than by reading from a document.[21] Thus, when examined in chief, the witness would generally be expected to answer the questions from memory without the benefit of any written statements. However, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it would be unrealistic to expect the witness to recall every detail of the event with precision without assistance.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [22] Originally, the common law tended to regard giving evidence as a memory test and frowned on the idea that a witness should be able to refresh his/her memory from his/her earlier statement.[23] Given that it may be many months between the incident and trial and the fact that witnesses such as police officers gave evidence in many different cases, such an approach made no sense and the co mmon law retreated from it during the second part of the last century.[24] The rationale for permitting reading a statement before testifying is that, if refreshing the memory were prohibited, testimony in the witness box would have become little more than a test of memory rather than of truthfulness. It would have been impossible to police and this would have created difficulties for honest witness but do little to hamper dishonest witnesses.[25] In Richardson,[26] Sachs L.J. approved some concise comments of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Testimony in the witness box becomes more of a test of memory than truthfulness if witnesses are deprived of the opportunity of checking their recollection beforehand by reference to statements or notes made at a time closer to the events in question.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [27] Thus, the willingness of the courts to permit refreshment of memory out of court is understandable. However, Choo argues that there is a danger for the pra ctice in this area to become too unregulated.[28] He suggests for the need to introduce a Code of Practice that would govern practices and procedures in the area. Contemporaneous notes made by a witness are likely to be fuller and more accurate than his/her memory at a trial many months after the event. Moreover, contemporaneous notes, if referred to, may help to stimulate the memory to recall further facts not contained in the notes which would not otherwise have been recalled. However, there may be dangers involved. The notes may create a spurious impression of a vivid recollection.[29] Inaccuracies in perception and memory may become crystallised. The witness may believe s/he remembers the incident but in truth only remembers his/her record of it.[30] The testimony of an untruthful witness may be given an enhanced credibility and s/he may be able to tailor his/her evidence to fit in with his/her notes.[31] Of course, in certain circumstances, it should be possible for a per son to refresh their memory of events. The difficulty is that it is more often used by professional witnesses who are generally not the ones who are most problematic. This practice was commonly used by police officers who produced and read from their notebooks, which contain the information about the incidents that they wrote down at the time. The problem is that notebooks and other such documents are hearsay and not admissible as evidence in their own right. This bizarre process attempts to avoid the consequences of the hearsay rule more than an aid to recollection.[32] This is particular in cases where the document does not stimulate the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s present recollection at all but where the witness accepts that his/her past recollection must have been as recorded in the document.[33] However, in civil proceedings, these contortions are unnecessary as the notes would be admissible evidence under the Civil Evidence Act 1995. In criminal proceedings, this is now gov erned by section 139 of the CJA 2003. However, this provision does not replace the common law. Rather, it affects the conditions that have to be met before the witness can use the document as an aide-memoire whilst testifying. The common law requirement of contemporaneity was not strict but, despite its justifications, it has been jettisoned by section 139 which merely requires that the statement was made or verified at an earlier time. Thus, the police officer who observes an incident and a short time later in the station writes up the observations in a notebook will always be allowed to refer to them. The rules relating to refreshing memory may not necessarily subvert the purpose of examining a witness because the primacy of oral testimony and the principle of confronting oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accusers have both been chipped away in recent years. In civil proceedings, there is less emphasis on oral testimony as only those matters in dispute need to be proved. There is greater reliance on documentary evidence and hearsay evidence has become generally admissible so that the witness does not need to be present in court unless required to be there for cross-examination. Further, even where the witness is in court, a witness statement can be adopted as his/her evidence in chief.[34] In criminal proceedings, there are more circumstances where written statements or recordings can be admissible as evidence.[35] Conclusion Given the difficulty often experienced by witnesses in recollecting the events to which their evidence relates, the common law evolved to allow a witness to refresh his/her memory from a document made or verified by him/her at an earlier time. The common law rules have been supplemented and, in part, superseded by the section 139 of the CJA 2003.The rules relating to refreshing memory does not subvert the purpose of examining a witness. The process of testifying should not be treated as a test of memory but a process designed to test the honesty and reliability of a witness. Nonetheless, the scope of use of the rules relating to memory refreshing has diminished by the reason of the growth in the categories of admissible hearsay and the introduction of rules permitting a witness statement to stand as a witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s evidence-in-chief unless the court orders otherwise. 1 [1] G. Durtson, Evidence: Text and Materials (OUP 2008) 292 [2] Ibid 293 [3] Richardson [1973] 2 Q.B. 484 [4] Ibid [5] Skinner (1994) 99 Cr. App. R. 212 [6] [1990] 1 ALL ER 29 [7] [1996] 2 Cr. App. R. 544 [8] [2002] EWCA Crim. 01 [9] A. Keane, J. Griffiths and P. McKeown, The Modern Law of Evidence (8th edn, OUP 2010) 163 [10] Attorney-Generalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Reference (No. 3 of 1979) (1979) 69 Cr. App. R. 411, 414; see also Simmonds [1969] 1 Q.B. 685 [11] See Maugham v Habbard (1828) 8 B C. 14; Topham v McGregor (1844) 1 Car. Kir. 320 [12] (1828) 8 B C. 14 [13] Doe d Church and Phillips v Perkins (1790) 3 Term Rep. 749; Harvey (1869) 11 Cox C.C. 546 [14] R. Munday, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Refreshing Memory: Previous Statements that fails to Revive Witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2012) 176 JPN 213; P. Mirfield, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Evidential Memory, Forgetfulness and Identificationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2013) 129 LQR 157 [15] J. Linda and M. Ramjohn, Unloc king Evidence (Hodder Education 2009) 134 [16] Ibid [17] Ibid [18] See J. Spencer and J. Flin, The Evidence of Children: The Law and Psychology (2nd edn, Blackstones 1993) 278-79 [19] S. Uglow, Evidence: Text and Materials (2nd edn, Sweet Maxwell 2006) 472 [20] See European Convention on Human Rights, Art. 6(3)(d) [21] Uglow, Evidence: Text and Materials (n. 19) 437 [22] Linda and Ramjohn, Unlocking Evidence (n. 15 ) 135 [23] P. Huxley, Evidence: The Fundamentals (2nd edn, Sweet Maxwell 2010) 56-57 [24] Keane, Griffiths and McKeown, The Modern Law of Evidence (n. 9) 163; P. Murphy, Murphy on Evidence (11th edn, OUP 2009) 571 [25] Linda and Ramjohn, Unlocking Evidence (n. 15) 140 [26] [1971] 2 Q.B. 484 [27] Lau Pak v R [1966] Crim. L.R. 443 [28] A. Choo, Evidence (3rd edn, OUP 2012) 76 [29] M. Newark and A. Samuels, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Refreshing Memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1978) Crim. L.R. 408 [30] Ibid [31] Ibid [32] Uglow, Evidence: Text and Materials (n. 19) 443 [33] See Maugham v Habbard (1828) 8 B C. 14; Topham v McGregor (1844) 1 Car. Kir. 320; Kelsey (1982) 74 Cr. App. 213 [34] See Civil Evidence Act 1995, s. 6 [35] See, for example, Criminal Justice Act 1967, s. 9 and 10; CJA 2003, ss. 116 and 117

Experience, Formal Training And Internship - 1817 Words

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This research studies the implementation of formal internship and cooperative pipeline training programs in colleges, universities and local industries in the field of applied engineeringRead MoreSample Resume : Training, Experience, And Support1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat will insure you are just as competent in your dealings internationally as one of our new employees. I strive to insure that we provide you with every tool and opportunity to succeed. My report will show that with proper organization, training, experience, and support, every intern will become a vital asset to our company. This will enhance the pool of potential candidates for full time employment and help you stand out from a completely new person. Regional Teams My first task will be toRead MoreShould College Be A Degree? Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesmany people go to college is to get an education, and eventually get degrees that will supposedly help them out in getting a job, but that is not entirely true. Although education is very important for students to get a job, employers value the experience a student has in the work more field than the education they obtained from college. Nevertheless, students who stay in college want to get a degree, so employers assume they are more qualified for the job than others that don t. They believe that

The School Vouchers Free Essays

Susie is a young girl who lives in Florida. Since kindergarten, she has attended a nearby private school. Her parents willingly pay her tuition, even though doing so forces them to cut other corners. We will write a custom essay sample on The School Vouchers or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do not mind these sacrifices, since they know that their daughter is getting the best education they can give her. Jesse lives downtown, in the inner city. She attends the local public school and struggles through her classes. Her mother would like to send her to a private school, where there is less violence and a calmer atmosphere, but cannot afford it. Then, Jesse†s mother learns that a voucher system has put into place for the entire state of Florida. Jesse†s inner city, spray-painted elementary school received a failing status, so she can receive a voucher to attend the school of her choice. With the money she receives from the voucher, Jesse†s mother is able to send her daughter to the same private school that Susie attends. Is it fair that Susie†s parents pinch pennies while Jesse†s mother send her on the bus for free? While meaning well, does the voucher system inadvertently discriminate against children like Susie whose parents must work extra hours to put their children through private school? Is the voucher system really the answer to the problems with American education today, or a way to transfer them somewhere else? American public schools have always had their flaws. In the nineteenth century, colleges complained of under-prepared freshmen; students who could not write an essay or even spell. A main controversy was bilingual education for newly naturalized immigrants. As America entered the early 1900s, the debate turned to the use of entertainment in the classroom. Teachers felt that they must put on a show in order to keep the attention of their pupils. The abandonment of phonics in the 1920s and 30s was believed to be the reason why the job market consisted of those with inadequate educational preparation. Social promotion and the replacement of the â€Å"three R†s† with emotional stability and attitude courses were the causes of concern in the 1940s. The 1950s brought an awareness of low standards. It was found that American children were lagging behind the average standards of the rest of the world. Safety in schools also became an issue; incoming teachers were warned of the â€Å"phys! ical courage† necessary to teach. Illiteracy became the main focus on the 1960s and 70s. Phonics (or the lack thereof) was once again to blame (Rothstein 2). Now, at the beginning of a new century, what problems have been fixed? Illiteracy is still high, American standards are still low, and graduates are still unprepared. Each generation feels that schools are worse than the generation before. America has been attempting to solve the problems with its education system for 200 years, but nothing has changed. According to Rothstein: Schools are not up to the task of readying young people for the challenges of the next century. An apparently watered down curriculum ensures that all students, regardless of whether they have mastered necessary skills, can graduate. â€Å"Social promotion† without requirements to master grade-appropriate skills is now commonplace, so even elite colleges must run â€Å"remedial† courses for freshmen in basic math and literacy, and business executives complain that high school graduates are ill-prepared for even relatively unskilled jobs (2). Are these complaints not the same ones that appeared a century ago? Improvement is desperately needed, but where should it start? Cleveland, Milwaukee, and the state of Florida have suggested an answer: a school voucher system. Voucher proponents believe that the system which they support is a starting place. Voucher proponents across the nation believe that through this program, which places the burden of improvement upon schools, progress can be made. The voucher system recently implemented in Florida is built around competition. The public schools have standards which they must uphold. Each year the state gives each school a letter grade which rates that school†s ability to keep the given standards. If the school receives an â€Å"F,† it stands to lose a great deal of its student body because of vouchers. This failing grade qualifies the children enrolled in the school to participate in the voucher program, giving each student between $3000 and $4000 to attend a private school (Kaczor 1). In theory, the system appears to be a well-planned step in the right direction. By penalizing â€Å"failing† schools and providing for their students, it seems progress could be made. Voucher proponents believe that by giving schools grades, each one will strive to be the best, receive an â€Å"A,† and gain a higher enrollment. However, will it really make a large impact upon the innumerable problems which exist in today†s education system? This year, only two of Florida†s 2500 public schools received a failing grade. And, in these two schools, only 52 students chose to participate in the state†s voucher system (Kaczor 1). While 52 children may be having a better school year, what about the hundreds of others across the state suffering from a poor education? Certainly, those 52 students are not the only ones in the state of Florida who were receiving a less than adequate education. Yet, the state granted approximately $200,000 to support the voucher system. If that money had b! een given to the schools, they could improve themselves, so that they were no longer considered â€Å"failing.† Instead, they were penalized by a drop in enrollment. How then can a failing school be expected to improve? As soon as it receives such a stigma, its students leave and funding is terminated. Ralph Neas, president of People for the American Way, told the press, â€Å"The voucher program is costing millions of dollars that would be better spent on improving education for the majority of Milwaukee†s schoolchildren† (Whitmire 1). The voucher system implements a great amount of tax dollars to aid a relatively small number of students. While seeming to neutralize problems in American education, it simply creates more by denying failing schools the chance to improve. There is another major loophole in the voucher system: there is no way to calculate if any improvement has been made in the academic performance of students using vouchers. A comparison between public and private school students† achievements is prevented because each uses different tests. In Cleveland, where an inner-city voucher system, is in place, researchers have reached no clear conclusions about the program†s effectiveness (Whitmire 1). Without this information, there is no way to determine if giving children a voucher brings scholastic improvement. There are definite problems with the American education system; problems the nation has battled for more than a century. Reform is needed, but the school voucher system is not the answer. If the plan would go nation-wide, 50 million children would be dropped at the doorsteps of private schools. Currently, only 10 percent of families send their children to private schools (Tyack 2). This small number of elite schools could not possibly accommodate the boom in enrollment caused by student with vouchers. What then? It is very likely that private schools would spring up overnight in response to the sudden number of children seeking to use government money at private schools. Who can guarantee that these schools will be of a better quality than the public schools which came before them (Roberts, Glenn 22)? If the voucher system were implemented, public school, as they are currently known, would cease to exist. The tax dollars necessary to fund public school improvements and the voucher system simultaneously do not exist. Our public schools need immediate attention to the condition of their physical plants, the training of their teachers (many of whom teach in areas which they have no special expertise), the size of their classes and the equipment and supplies they need, and the quality of their hopes for the children entrusted to them. They need the money that vouchers would bleed away (Roberts, Glenn 23). Instead of taking this money away form the nation†s failing schools, it should be pumped into them and put to work. Education tax dollars should be put to work solving the problems in American schools. The voucher system is an escape out the back door. It simply transfers all of the issues out of the public schools, placing them in the hands of the private community. How to cite The School Vouchers, Papers

Identification of A the Specified Name and A Specific Symbol

Question: Deference between Brand Loyalty Versus Customer Loyalty? Answer: Intrroducation: The brand loyalty regarding the pattern of the purchase has been observed for a product of highly differentiated category. Identification of a specified name and a specific symbol which help in distinguishing the product with the unique specification that it have form the other competitors is termed as branding. The objective of the marketer is creating a brand loyalty that will help them to gain sustainable advantages in the field of competitive market. In recent time band loyalty is becoming one of the most emerging concepts for gaining the competitive edge where there are numerous similar products in the market. Brand loyalty thus helps in achieving the generation of high level market for getting the maximum competitive advantages from the companies who are in the same business (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). Numerous companies concentrated on creating the brand loyalty and according to that formulated the strategies of marketing. It is seen that when the price started to increa se it has an effect on the brand loyalty and when it is decreasing the brand loyalty starts increasing. On the other hand promotional sales in order to increase the customer loyalty are also an important factor of the marketing. Offering discounts and offers to the customers are generally termed as Customer loyalty (Zakaria et al., 2014). The essay is about the brand loyalty competing with the discount offers. The thesis statement can be formulated as the customer loyalty having an impact on the brand loyalty. The main ideas that the essay will contain how brand loyalty is receiving an heavy competition from the discounts and offering, factors affecting the brand loyalty, the way of establishing the brand loyalty in a market obsessed with discount. The main difference between brand loyalty and customer loyalty is brand loyalty is what the customers have in their mind and customer loyalty is what the customers have in their wallet. Customer loyalty programs helps in having smaller margin of gain but the sell took place at a high volume due to the factors of discounts and offerings where as brand loyalty is all about having higher margins of profits but volume of sell will be less. Brand loyalty above all this has the capability of achieving high volumes and having added bonus of margins. The value of the money is increasing day by day. Therefore customer loyalty which is giving offer and discounts to the customer will be getting more and more customers and the brand loyalty will face the danger. It is seen that customers are tending more towards the customer loyalty than the brand loyalty in retailing or grocery stores (Orel Kara, 2014). The investigation done against the thesis statement shows that promotion plays a significant influence against the brand loyalty. The sales promotion has become significant intruder in the environment of business. The company is allocating a major part of their budget in sales and promotion. Companies are now focusing on the short term sale for gaining profit and brand loyalty cannot be attends with the help of short term sale. The marketing managers are formulating new strategies regarding customer loyalty like loyalty cards, discounts line buy one get one and discounts on products which attracted the customers than that of brand. The customers are getting attracted due to the appealing price of the product and thus are not staying loyal with their brands. For instance, the customer who is the prime users of Lee apparel is tending to make a change towards the discounted products. However this transformation also depends on the economic structure of the company (Jeong, Cha Jang, 2016). The reason for this is as the price of the branded products is much more therefore if the country is not that developed economically the customers will tend towards the discounted products. In number of research is seen that customer loyalty that is providing promotion and discounts for getting hold of the market which shows that customers are deviating from their brands. Companies are achieving the process of sales promotion for achieving their sales equipped with excellent loyalty to the customers. It is also seen that sales promotion is becoming the decision making process for the customers in order to select their brands. T his shows that the factors of price are becoming significant in the decision of purchase (Rubino, Oubina Villasenor, 2014). This is enough to describe that customers are no longer loyal to their brand when it comes to the field of customer loyalty. In the recent times it is seen that e-commerce is also playing a significant role in having an adverse effect for the brand loyalty. The e-commerce site like Amazon and Flipkart are taking the maximum base of the customers. Customers are receiving the Customer loyalty facility by having large discounts on the products and more over they dont have to visit the outlets for buying the products. Therefore this e-commerce site is also taking the customers who were loyal to their brand. It can be said that customer loyalty is having a great effect on brand loyalty (Machado, Cant Seaborne, 2014). The factors affecting brand loyalty are the product quality, price, advertising and quality of service. If the quality of the product satisfies the requirement of the customers then that product will certainly attain brand loyalty. The product is stated to be fit for use. The customers mainly tends to get divert from a certain brand is due to the quality of the product. The customers who are loyal to their brand generally tend to pay higher price for their brand and the price factor does not matter to them (Severi Ling, 2013). Advertising plays a significant role in achieving the brand loyalty. The more the promotion is done for the product through advertising the indirect communication with the customers becomes significant. Advertising also helps the customer to develop the idea that the product is distinguishable. Therefore, proper advertising of the product helps the band switcher and the inconsistent customer in becoming loyal to their brand. The quality of service also signifi cantly affects the brand loyalty. The service quality provided by brand to the customers ensures the customers that the product they are buying from a particular brand store will provide them the service in future. Trust as well as good relationship in between the customers and the brand representatives also increases the brand loyalty of the customers (Kim, Park Kim, 2014). But there is an exceptional case where we can exhibit that this company has still maintained the brand loyalty of the customers in the blooming market of customer loyalty. The name of the company is Apple and the threats like discounts; offer has not still affected the brand loyalty. Therefore in other terms it may be said that if the establishment of brand loyalty and maintaining it, is done in an excellent way then it may not affect in any circumstances. The first thing that the multinational company did in order to build the brand loyalty is they build the good relationship with their customers. The customer felt that the brand is trustworthy as well as transparent. The relationship built with the customer is by embracing internet and social media. They started communicating with their people directly on twitter (Mourad Youssef, 2016). Therefore they built a good relationship with the customers and that help them when they were first introduced in the market. Secondly the vital w ay of continuing brand loyalty is adapting the approach of movement marketing. The customer should not be said about what the company makes but instead they should be informed on what the company believes. This touches the nerve of the target market and once this is achieved it can be said that the brand is established and brand loyalty could be obtained. For example Apple statement of mission states Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings (Singh Uncles, 2016). This particular mission statement helps apple to gain the brand loyalty as brand loyalty comes within from the customers. Customers could not be fooled and their brand loyalty could not be achieved. Apart from this example there are few companies which are running on the brand loyalty. Every company is now introduced the customer loyalty program in order to obtain the sustainable advantages in competitive market. But from my point of view there should be mix and match for both customer as well as brand loyalty in the market. Sometimes customer loyalty should be given value in some seasons and sometimes the company should run on brand loyalty. Then there will be existing fair competition in the market. Reference List Jeong, M. S., Cha, J. E., Jang, D. H. (2016). Impact of the Service Quality of Horseback Riding Experience on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty-In Case of Jangsu Horse Riding Experience Course.Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning,22(2), 131-140. Kim, K., Park, J., Kim, J. (2014). Consumerbrand relationship quality: When and how it helps brand extensions.Journal of Business Research,67(4), 591-597. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), 76-82. Machado, R., Cant, M. C., Seaborne, H. (2014). Experiential marketing on brand advocacy: a mixed-method approach on global apple product users.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),13(5), 955. Mourad, M., Youssef, K. (2016). Brands Loyalty: Empirical Evidence from the Emerging Egyptian Mobile Industry.International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM),7(4), 40-57. Orel, F. D., Kara, A. (2014). Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), 118-129. Rubio, N., Oubia, J., Villaseor, N. (2014). Brand awarenessBrand quality inference and consumers risk perception in store brands of food products.Food quality and preference,32, 289-298. Severi, E., Ling, K. C. (2013). The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.Asian Social Science,9(3), 125. Singh, J., Uncles, M. (2016). Measuring the market performance of brands.The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management, 13. Zakaria, I., Rahman, B. A., Othman, A. K., Yunus, N. A. M., Dzulkipli, M. R., Osman, M. A. F. (2014). The relationship between loyalty program, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in retail industry: A case study.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,129, 23-30.

Ellasaurus Product Essay Example For Students

Ellasaurus Product Essay Ellen will use some copyrighted illustrations from her books on the Website. She will also include themes from the story lines of her books in some of the games that will be available (free) on the site to registered visitors. What are at least two intellectual property issues that might arise in the operation of the website? The first intellectual issue in the operation of the website will be in relation to the copyrighted illustration and contents which will be used on the website. Ellen will need to ensure that such use of copyrighted content does not violate intellectual property laws and due permission and authorization is taken from the owners of such copyrighted content, ie, the publisher of the books. Secondly, the games used on the website should be proprietary and if such games are taken from another website, permission from the owner of such content should be taken in advance. Ellen cannot display any proprietary or copyrighted content from another website or from any other source. Permission should be taken in advance and legal formalities should be completed before using any such material. What are some of the potential ethical issues that Ellen faces because of the ages of her intended audience? The primary ethical issue, due to the age of the target audience, is that the content of the website should be carefully developed so as to ensure that it is fully appropriate for the children and kids visiting the website. The owner of the websites should be ethically conscious in creating content that does not impart any wrong message to small kids and should enhance their knowledge and does not result in any harm. For example, the site should not display pornographic content. What are some of the laws with which the site must comply with when it registers site visitors under the age of 13? What are some recommendations regarding how Ellen can best comply with those laws? One of the laws is that the site does not knowingly collect or solicit Personally Identifiable Information from or about children under 13 except as permitted by law. Another one is that Company will not disclose information collected from children under the age of thirteen (13) (or from adults for that matter) to third parties unless indicated otherwise or in special cases where Company has reason to believe that disclosure is necessary to identify, contact or bring legal action against someone who may be causing injury to or interference (whether intentionally or unintentionally) with Companys rights or property or anyone else who may be harmed by such actions or if required by law Ellen can best comply with such laws by hiring the services of a lawyer or legal professional who has significant expertise with cyber laws.

The Life and Art of Salvador Dali Essay Example For Students

The Life and Art of Salvador Dali Essay Salvador Dalis life and art were very closely related. Everything in his life was reflected in his art. All the major changes in his works and styles represented important turning points for him. When Dali was younger, he experimented with different styles. The first style he used was soft, blurry and seemed a little bit out of focus, although his use shadowing was well from the beginning. Dalis early works were not very impressive, but he was very talented and dedicated to his art work. Surrealism is a form of painting that Dali started using next. The purpose of this kind of art was to mirror society and show it what was wrong with it. For example, Dali was not friendly with the aristocrats of his time, in fact he hated them. So one of his surrealist paintings showed an aristocrat with no face. This was supposed to symbolize that aristocrats did not listen to anyone. We will write a custom essay on The Life and Art of Salvador Dali specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It was also during Dalis surrealist period when he expressed many of his sexual ideas in his works. Some examples of these types of works would be The Apparatus and The Great Masturbater, and many other of Dalis paintings possessed sexual meaning. This was also a period in his life when he was very interested in psychology, especially Freudian psychoanalysis. Dali even showed Freud in some of his works. Surrealism was a important tool for Dali, using it he could express his feelings, dreams and political standings. His art sometimes seemed as if it was a way for him to put all the delirium in his head down on canvas, and that was what makes it so interesting. Surreal painting was where Dali first started using a extraordinary, fascinating style of art, that style is called double imagery. This was when he showed two different images in the same painting. This time in his life was also emphasized because it was when he first meet his wife Gala. Gala was thirteen years older than Dali, and many people especially his father thought they were crazy for being lovers because of this age difference. It did not effect them though and they got married and stayed life long companions to each other. For this reason Gala was a very important part of his life and therefore appeared in many of Dalis works. Gala was responsible for bring Salvador back to the Christian faith which completely changed his style of painting, from surrealism to classical. These classical works were Dalis most moving works. This was the time Dali was influenced by new beliefs and new discoveries. He was now more interested in science than ever before, and the recent discovery of the atom and the doublelhelix structure of DNA. He continued to use double imagery, and it was at this time when he created his majestic masterworks. As a masterwork was over five feet in any direction and took over a year of Dalis year to produce. These were sixteen larger than life works that were very inspiring. These masterworks were good examples of showing Dalis understanding between science and religion. I think Dali was one heck of an artist, and his masterworks were phenomenal. I did not think I would like the museum, but I really enjoyed it and I would recommend for others to go see his works.

Writing Tips Example Press Release

Writing Tips Example Press Release Example Press Release (Writing Tips) We’ve previously offered a few tips on writing a press release, including: Start with an eye-catching headline. Tailor your press release to match your business goals. Include stats, photos, and/or quotes that journalists can use. Pick the perfect time to send your press release. In this post, though, we’re going to show you how this works in practice. We’ll do this by presenting an example press release, plus a quick breakdown of how it fulfills each of the points above. An Example Press Release Proofed Launches Pioneering Punctuation Podcast Launching February 2, 2019, the Proofed Punctuation Pod will cover everything from periods to parentheses for newcomers and experts alike. New York, January 31, 2019 – Acclaimed proofreading company Proofed is launching a new podcast about punctuation. This will be the first professional podcast dedicated entirely to this topic, offering both helpful explainers and in-depth conversation on punctuation issues. The podcast will be hosted by Mia Armitage, who has worked as a proofreader for over a decade, including three years with Proofed. Mia will be joined by a series of guest presenters, each of whom will discuss a favorite punctuation mark or an issue that interests them. Nielsen statistics show that 44% of the US population has listened to a podcast, while 26% listen to at least one podcast every month. This format therefore presents a great opportunity to engage people with punctuation in new, entertaining ways. According to Proofed CEO Bertrand McClain, â€Å"Punctuation can seem like a dry topic, especially to read about. But a podcast lets us present those issues as a lively conversation, offering a listener-friendly way to join the debate.† Mia, meanwhile, is excited to present the podcast. â€Å"I was thrilled to be asked,† she says. â€Å"I have a passion for punctuation, so talking with so many clever people and sharing my love of language is a dream come true. Even I was surprised by how controversial punctuation can be sometimes. But you’ll hear that for yourself in episode one, I promise!† The first episode, available February 2, via iTunes and the Proofed website, will feature Dr. Henry Jones, who has strong feelings about the serial comma. For more information on the podcast and upcoming guests, contact Sheryl Rook at [emailprotected] Analyzing the Example Okay, so you’ve seen our example press release. But can you spot how it works? Key factors include: The headline is punchy and alliterative to make it memorable, but we also have a subtitle to provide extra information. The aim of the press release is to let people know about the new podcast. As such, we’ve included key details about where and when people can hear it. We’ve included stats and quotes that journalists can excerpt. The date of release is set for a few days before the podcast launch. This will ensure that it goes out at the most relevant time to attract listeners. So our press release is simple, but it ticks all the right boxes! And to make sure your press releases are perfect, don’t forget that proofreading is vital.