Euro Disney Essay - 6225 Words

Only one year after the grand opening of EuroDisneyland, Robert Fitzpatrick left his position as EuroDisney’s chairperson, citing a desire to start his own consulting firm. In April 1993, Philippe Bourguignon took over the helm of EuroDisney, thought by some to be a sinking ship. EuroDisney publicly reported a net loss of FFr188 million for the fiscal year ending September 1992, though cumulative losses through April 1993 approached half a billion dollars.1 The European park also fell one million visitors short of its goal for the first year of operations, with the French comprising only 29% of the park’s total visitors between April and September 1992—a far cry from the predicted 50%.2 In addition to the financial woes weighing on†¦show more content†¦A12. 5 Jefferson, â€Å"American Quits Chairman Post at Euro Disney,† p. B1. 2 A15-99-0007 In 1955, Walt decided to send his entourage of characters into the real world, through the creation of Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Walt’s Disneyland dream was to create a place where people from all over would be able to go for clean, safe fun, unlike the less-than-wholesome carnivals of the day. He wanted a place that would teach both young and old about America’s heritage and about the diversity of the world. Since July 17, 1955, Disneyland has stood as the icon of Walt’s dream—a park for family-type entertainment that would provide clean, safe fun. Cleanliness is a high priority. By 8 a.m., when the park opens, the cleaning crew will have mopped and hosed and dried every sidewalk, every street, and every floor and counter. This begins at 1 a.m., when more than 350 of the park’s 7400 employees commence the daily cleanup routine. This routine includes using steam machines, razor scrapers, and mops towed by Cushman scooters to literally scour the streets and sidewalks in an effort to rid them of the chewing gum and other garbage left behind. Other examples of the emphasis placed on the small details include one person working a full eight-hour shift to polish the brass on the Fantasy merry-go-round; treating the meticulously manicured plantings throughout the park with growth-retarding hormones to keep the trees and bushes from spreading beyond their assignedShow MoreRe latedEuro Disney2974 Words   |  12 PagesEuro Disney I found two mission statements for this company one is â€Å"to make people happy† and the other one is â€Å"we create happiness by providing the finest in entertainment to people of all ages, everywhere† (Strauss, h. n.d.). Each and every employee from maid to the president knows the mission statement. All employees are motivated to create happiness for their guest, and they do everyday. From what I have read and heard, Disney lives up to both of these statements. Euro Disney SRead MoreDisneyland Paris ( Formerly Euro Disney )1291 Words   |  6 PagesDisneyland Paris (formerly Euro Disney) While Tokyo Disneyland is considered a great success, the Walt Disney Company’s next international theme park venture, Euro Disney, is quite the opposite. In the 1980’s with the great success of Tokyo Disneyland, TWDC entertained the idea of building another international theme park. The Walt Disney Company knew they wanted to build a park in Europe but needed to find a place where they could build their own reality free from the sights and sounds of the realRead MoreEssay Euro Disney the Failure1269 Words   |  6 PagesWalt Disney is the world leader in family entertainment and one of the most valuable brands in the world. Recently, Walt Disney has decided to open up a Disney Theme Park in Hong Kong China, which will be the first theme park in China. Since the opening of Euro Disney, the Walt Disney Company has learned to take into consideration important determinants so that their investment will not be a huge financial loss. Unfortunately, Since Disney did not r esearch as much as they should of when decidingRead MoreThe Poor Performance Of Euro Disney1569 Words   |  7 Pagesfactors came together and contributed to the poor performance of Euro Disney during its first year. The primary reason for the failure in its first year was its high cost as EuroDisney was charging 280 Dollars to enjoy the attractions of the park and the hotel was charging prices comparable to the most luxurious hotels in Paris. In addition the airfares were cheaper to Disneyworld in Florida with guaranteed good weather. The Disney executives also made a major mistake in understanding and researchingRead MoreEuro Disney - Case Study2145 Words   |  9 Pages1 Introduction Ââ€" Euro Disney s Plans and Reality When the International Offer of Shares for the Euro Disneyland S.C.A. (in the following called Euro Disney) was published in October 1989 the plans for this new enterprise of the Walt Disney group were ambiguous. The financial plans for the first year of operation projected total revenues of FF 5,482 million and a net profit after taxation of FF 204 million. For the following years the development should be even more impressive. At that time theRead MoreEuro Disney Case Study1353 Words   |  6 Pagesstill are to great success. Tokyo Disney followed with a slow start but quickly became a successful cash cow like the 2 parks in the United States. Disney next projected success was Euro Disney, today it goes by DIsney Paris. Disney was confident and quite optimistic that the 4th Disney theme park, located just over 30 minutes drive from one of the worlds biggest tourist attractions, Paris would be no different. Some would say a little too confident. However, Disney made some major plan ning mistakesRead MoreEuro Disney Case Study12599 Words   |  51 Pagescase fourteen Euro Disney: From Dream to Nightmare, 1987–94 Robert M. Grant At the press conference announcing Euro Disneyland SCA’s financial results for the year ended September 30, 1994, CEO Philippe Bourguignon summed up the year in succinct terms: â€Å"The best thing about 1994 is that it’s over.† In fact, the results for the year were better than many of Euro Disneyland’s long-suffering shareholders had predicted. Although revenues were down 15 percent – the result of falling visitor numbersRead MoreEuro Disney Case Essay3399 Words   |  14 PagesCase Analysis # 1 EuroDisney- Disney Land Paris 1. What factors lead to EuroDisneys poor performance during its first year of operation? EuroDisney had a disastrous first year in Paris, France. There were many reasons that contributed to the horrible start. I am going to discuss six reasons why I think EuroDisney had such a hard time adjusting in Europe. 1. It was cheaper for European families to travel to Disney World in Orlando, FL. Not only was the trip to Orlando going to be cheaperRead MoreEuro Disney Case Study1430 Words   |  6 Pagesculture * Disney executives believed in cultural inconsistencies such as: Europeans didn’t eat breakfast which is not true * Disney didn’t stress the entertainment value of visit to the theme park in their promotions which â€Å"ruined the magic† * Europeans only spent 1-2 days at the park which contrasted the American experience which lasted at least 2 days * Europeans had different vacation tendencies; they preferred a month of vacation to a year b.) Hong Kong Disney: * OnlyRead MoreEuro Disney: First 100 Days1911 Words   |  8 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The case â€Å"Euro Disney: First 100 days† talks about the issues faced by the Walt Disney Company when expanding to international borders. The case begins with the history of Disneyland and then describes the reasons behind its success and expansion to various states across the country. It then describes the success of Tokyo Disneyland, first Disney theme park outside America and the factors affecting it. It then describes Disney’s entry into Europe. The various entry barriers, decision

Standards for Teaching in the Modern Classroom - 1411 Words

Throughout the last century literacy and the definition of being literate has changed and evolved. No longer are teachers at an advantage by creating curriculums based on traditional lessons of ‘reading and ‘writing’. One must now incorporate every day language, and cultural influences, including technology to enhance the learning experience (Callow, 2011). Within the classroom, context and it’s various forms are highlighted (McDonald, 2013), and children are benefiting greatly from the allowance of multiple modes of learning, including visual and text used together as well as separately (Christie, 2005). Introducing a standard set of guidelines for the Australian Curriculum (ACARA, 2009) a definition of literacy can be set and built upon. Gee (2009), places emphasis on the need to understand ‘acquisition’ and ‘learning’, to greater understand how children learn. The following texts highlight the various valuable and relevant infor mation needed when determining what literacy actually means, with particular highlights on context in its various meanings, and how the educator can best teach literacy and literature in an evolving environment. ACARA. (2009). Shape of the Australian Curriculum: English. Available from http://www.acara.edu.au/verve/_resources/Australian_Curriculum_-_Engligh.pdf This paper sets out standards for teaching English in the classroom setting, providing a uniform set of ‘standards’ to adhere to on a national level. Particular focus is set onShow MoreRelatedProject Classroom Makeover, By Cathy Davidson1310 Words   |  6 Pages Change takes on the course of a gradual shift away from the traditional and into the modern. Such a process can take on the identity of many forms but in the end, they all contribute to the advancement of society. Throughout â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† Cathy Davidson explores the need for such change in America’s educational system as it lags years behind the modern standards. Technology serves as an impetus to change and reform this antiquated system through facilitating new means of learningRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Classroom1532 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Teach in the Modern Classroom If you were to ask people today what it takes to teach students most would say that all it takes is putting students in classroom, make them take notes, give them a test, and viola the students have learned the subject. That is simply not true. Teaching in the modern classroom requires the use of new technology, and teaching methods. As well as understanding how students today act, standards that teachers have to follow, and Technology For many teachersRead MoreEffective Implementation of Differentiated Instruction926 Words   |  4 PagesDifferentiated Instruction in the Standards-Based Classroom Xavier Anderson EDUC 8011 Fall 2011 Walden University Introduction Most modern day classrooms are structured to operate under the premises that students must demonstrate mastery of specific state mandated standards in order to show academic growth. The purpose of this paper is to explore some effective methods to effectively implement differentiated instruction in the standards based classroom. As a result of various educationRead MorePrinciples, Policies Frameworks of Inclusive Schooling Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve policies and legislation related to Inclusive Education could influence attitudes towards the way society accepts difference. In recent times I believe there has been a heightened awareness regarding the necessity to develop Inclusive Classrooms that celebrate difference and cater for a diverse range of learning styles and needs. My belief is reflected in the increasing amount of policies and legislation being developed at both state and Commonwealth levels. These approaches range fromRead More Literature for Use in Classroom Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature for Use in Classroom Donna E. Nortons purpose in her book is intended to help adults discover ways to share their enchantment with books, our literary heritage, and an appreciation for literature that will last a lifetime (v). Teachers share that same goal. In selecting literature for a classroom, teachers need to take in account the following: the schools standards and benchmarks, the adopted sequential curriculum, the age of the students, their stages of language, cognitiveRead MoreThe Weaknesses, By Don t Allow The Children931 Words   |  4 Pagessaid, everyone is changing therefore everyone must adapt to their surroundings. He wanted education to be taught based on what worked for the current generation not based on what had worked in the past. If being taught in a progressive education classroom each student can be expected to be the main focus of the room. Progressivism is a child-centered curriculum, which is peer-centered and growth-centered. The students were thought to have learned best by engaging in the discussion instead of justRead More My Philosophy of Education Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesand knowledge. -Albert Einstein The foundation for my philosophy of teaching is very simple. I believe that if I am bored, the students are bored. I structure my teaching methods and strategies towards grasping not only the interests of my students but of myself as well. This enables my students to take away a positive experience from the learning process. Many times students enter my classroom with the attitude that English is a tedious and boring subject. I feel it is my duty asRead MoreShould Teachers Have The Most Important Role?892 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess most directly in the education system because of the many responsibilities they have inside and outside of the classroom. The Learning to Teach textbook outlines a few major roles a teacher has that shapes education as a whole. †¢ Teacher as a Scientist: Historically, notable educators have studied the process of learning and concluded the most effective ways of teaching. From these studies, three learning theories evolved, being the behaviorist learning theory, the cognitive learning theoryRead MoreAn Ideal Educational Model And How Do Education1386 Words   |  6 Pageseducation. Schools should not be a place in which the government can get into the minds of the students and systematically teach political agendas. I know that we live in a world that is at times seems to be without morals, but I want to create a classroom environment where each child knows that they are respected as individuals. The educational philosophy that speaks the most to me is existentialism. This ideology best reflects my goal of focusing on the children as individuals. I can relate toRead MorePiaget in the Classroom1334 Words   |  6 PagesEducational Psychology Piaget in the classroom Describe 4 educational beliefs/practices that are grounded by the development ideas presented by Piaget. The educational implications of Piaget’s theory are closely tied to the concept of intelligence as the dynamic and emerging ability to adapt to the environment with ever increasing competence (Piaget, 1963). According to the development ideas presented by Piaget’s theory, cognitive structures are patterns of physical and mental action that

Examining a Witness; Memory Refreshing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2536 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The rules relating to refreshing memory allow a witness, who has forgotten everything about an incident, to still provide testimony. To that extent it subverts the purpose of examining a witness as it means they cannot be properly questioned about their recollection since they are testifying about what they are reading and not what they rememberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . To what extent do you agree with this statement? Introduction The general rule is that witnesses are not permitted to give oral evidence by reading out written statements that were prepared at an earlier time.[1] However, a witness may be permitted to refresh his/her memory from a document whilst testifying, particularly if his/her memory of an event is poor.[2] This essay considers whether the rules relating to refreshing memory subvert the purpose of examining a witness. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining a Witness; Memory Refreshing" essay for you Create order The essay starts by considering the common law and statutory rules relating to the refreshment of memory. Finally, the essay considers whether the rules relating to the refreshment of memory subvert the very purpose of examining a witness. The rules relating to refreshing memory The law allows for witnesses to refresh their memories if they become forgetful. Such law is a combination of common law and statute. The common law makes a broad distinction between refreshing memory out of court and in court. At common law, a witness may refresh his/her memories from documents out of court before testifying.[3] Indeed, it is common practice for a witness to be shown his/her statement before giving evidence. It is courtesy to also inform the other side that this has happened. However, refreshing memory out of court must not represent an opportunity for witnesses to compare their statements or get their heads together to decide what to say[4] or to discuss the evidence they may give eve n if this takes place under the guise of a case conference by the police.[5] In Da Silva,[6] the Court of Appeal held that a judge has discretion to decide whether to allow a witness to refresh his/her memory out of court after commencing his/her testimony, provided that certain conditions were satisfied. However, in South Ribble Magistrate Ex. p. Cochcrane,[7] the court held that the conditions were not prerequisites to be fulfilled. In G. (Joel) (a Juvenile) (No. 1),[8] Henry, L.J. stressed that there were no fixed or immutable rules which must be followed before a witness may refresh his/her memory from an earlier document. This process has now been simplified by section 139 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CJA 2003à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), considered below, which merely requires any document to have been made at an earlier time rather than contemporaneously. At common law, a witness may refresh his/her memory in court from a document, provided that the document wa s made contemporaneously with the events in question, and was made or verified by the witness.[9] This does not mean that the document must have been made simultaneously with the event(s) at the first subsequent opportunity. For the purpose of the rule, it is sufficient, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“if the writing was made or verified at a time when the facts were still fresh in the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] The common sense principle underlying the common law rule for refreshing memory whilst testifying from a statement in a document is that the quality of the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s evidence is likely to be improved if the witness is allowed to use a statement made near the time as an aide-mÃÆ' ©moire. The same principle underlines section 139(1) of the CJA 2003, which sets out a different rule for refreshing memory. In criminal proceedings, the common law rule has not been repealed, but has in effect been replaced, and relaxed, by section 139(1) of the CJA 2003. Section 139(1) drops the common law requirement that the statement should be contemporaneous with the matters it deals with. It provides that a witness giving oral evidence in criminal proceedings about any matter may at any stage refresh his/her memory from a document made or verified by him/her at an earlier time if two conditions are satisfied. The witness must state in his/her oral evidence that the document records his/her recollection of the matter at the earlier time, and that his/her recollection of the matter is likely to have been significantly better at that time than it is at the time of his/her oral evidence. Section 139(2) has also supplemented the common law rule by providing for the refreshing of memory from a transcript of a sound recording. Under both the common law and section 139(1), the evidence is the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s oral testimony, not the document used to refresh. Where the use of the document does not in fact revive a hazy or forgotten m emory, there is no artificiality involved in maintaining this position. However, the common law doctrine of refreshing memory also extends to the case where the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory of the event does not revive, but the witness is prepared to testify to it on the basis that the contemporaneous record is accurate.[11] The doctrine of refreshing memory operates as a benevolent fiction in type of cases such as Maugham v Habbard.[12] The court in effect permits the witness to give reliable hearsay evidence, on the basis that the witness is prepared to vouch for the accuracy of the contemporaneous record. It is consistent with this function that the common law requires a document used in this type of case to refresh memory to be original.[13] In other cases, the witness may revive memory from any contemporaneous document made or verified by him/her. Section 120 of the CJA 2003 contains a useful provision to take account of this point about the hearsay use of documents whe re the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s memory is not in fact refreshed by reference to the document. This eliminates some of the need to rely on the fiction just described. Section 120 creates a new rule of admissibility of statements of past recollection recorded. This applies only to statement made by the witness, not to statement verified by him/her. When the statutory provision applies the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s statement will be the oral testimony plus the earlier hearsay statement. However, section 120 is not without interpretative difficulty as it omits to spell out in exactly what circumstances documents employed to refresh memory will become admissible as evidence of matters stated, either when the attempt to refresh the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ memory is unsuccessful or where portions of the document are not used for that purpose.[14] Do the rules relating to refreshing memory subvert the purpose of examining a witness? The purpose examination-in-chief is to elicit f rom the witness facts that support that partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case.[15] Cross-examining the witness provides the accused with an opportunity to confront the evidence against them. Its purpose is to elicit facts that are favourable to the cross-examiner and to test the veracity of, or discredit, the witness.[16] Re-examining re-establishes the credibility of the witness if this was shaken by the cross-examination.[17] Thus, examination of a witness enables the trier of facts to ascertain the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s knowledge as to the facts in dispute between parties. Its major purpose is to discover the truth about the event in question. It has been argued that cross-examination is not a means of getting to the truth.[18] However, such criticisms must be placed alongside the importance of putting the defence version of events to witnesses and to the court.[19] Cross- examining a witness is within the notion of a fair trial by which the accused has a right to examine, or to hav e examined, witnesses who are used to against them.[20] The assumption of examining a witness is that by observing and listening to a witness, the trier of facts is more able to assess the weight to be attached to the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s evidence than by reading from a document.[21] Thus, when examined in chief, the witness would generally be expected to answer the questions from memory without the benefit of any written statements. However, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it would be unrealistic to expect the witness to recall every detail of the event with precision without assistance.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [22] Originally, the common law tended to regard giving evidence as a memory test and frowned on the idea that a witness should be able to refresh his/her memory from his/her earlier statement.[23] Given that it may be many months between the incident and trial and the fact that witnesses such as police officers gave evidence in many different cases, such an approach made no sense and the co mmon law retreated from it during the second part of the last century.[24] The rationale for permitting reading a statement before testifying is that, if refreshing the memory were prohibited, testimony in the witness box would have become little more than a test of memory rather than of truthfulness. It would have been impossible to police and this would have created difficulties for honest witness but do little to hamper dishonest witnesses.[25] In Richardson,[26] Sachs L.J. approved some concise comments of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Testimony in the witness box becomes more of a test of memory than truthfulness if witnesses are deprived of the opportunity of checking their recollection beforehand by reference to statements or notes made at a time closer to the events in question.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [27] Thus, the willingness of the courts to permit refreshment of memory out of court is understandable. However, Choo argues that there is a danger for the pra ctice in this area to become too unregulated.[28] He suggests for the need to introduce a Code of Practice that would govern practices and procedures in the area. Contemporaneous notes made by a witness are likely to be fuller and more accurate than his/her memory at a trial many months after the event. Moreover, contemporaneous notes, if referred to, may help to stimulate the memory to recall further facts not contained in the notes which would not otherwise have been recalled. However, there may be dangers involved. The notes may create a spurious impression of a vivid recollection.[29] Inaccuracies in perception and memory may become crystallised. The witness may believe s/he remembers the incident but in truth only remembers his/her record of it.[30] The testimony of an untruthful witness may be given an enhanced credibility and s/he may be able to tailor his/her evidence to fit in with his/her notes.[31] Of course, in certain circumstances, it should be possible for a per son to refresh their memory of events. The difficulty is that it is more often used by professional witnesses who are generally not the ones who are most problematic. This practice was commonly used by police officers who produced and read from their notebooks, which contain the information about the incidents that they wrote down at the time. The problem is that notebooks and other such documents are hearsay and not admissible as evidence in their own right. This bizarre process attempts to avoid the consequences of the hearsay rule more than an aid to recollection.[32] This is particular in cases where the document does not stimulate the witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s present recollection at all but where the witness accepts that his/her past recollection must have been as recorded in the document.[33] However, in civil proceedings, these contortions are unnecessary as the notes would be admissible evidence under the Civil Evidence Act 1995. In criminal proceedings, this is now gov erned by section 139 of the CJA 2003. However, this provision does not replace the common law. Rather, it affects the conditions that have to be met before the witness can use the document as an aide-memoire whilst testifying. The common law requirement of contemporaneity was not strict but, despite its justifications, it has been jettisoned by section 139 which merely requires that the statement was made or verified at an earlier time. Thus, the police officer who observes an incident and a short time later in the station writes up the observations in a notebook will always be allowed to refer to them. The rules relating to refreshing memory may not necessarily subvert the purpose of examining a witness because the primacy of oral testimony and the principle of confronting oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accusers have both been chipped away in recent years. In civil proceedings, there is less emphasis on oral testimony as only those matters in dispute need to be proved. There is greater reliance on documentary evidence and hearsay evidence has become generally admissible so that the witness does not need to be present in court unless required to be there for cross-examination. Further, even where the witness is in court, a witness statement can be adopted as his/her evidence in chief.[34] In criminal proceedings, there are more circumstances where written statements or recordings can be admissible as evidence.[35] Conclusion Given the difficulty often experienced by witnesses in recollecting the events to which their evidence relates, the common law evolved to allow a witness to refresh his/her memory from a document made or verified by him/her at an earlier time. The common law rules have been supplemented and, in part, superseded by the section 139 of the CJA 2003.The rules relating to refreshing memory does not subvert the purpose of examining a witness. The process of testifying should not be treated as a test of memory but a process designed to test the honesty and reliability of a witness. Nonetheless, the scope of use of the rules relating to memory refreshing has diminished by the reason of the growth in the categories of admissible hearsay and the introduction of rules permitting a witness statement to stand as a witnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s evidence-in-chief unless the court orders otherwise. 1 [1] G. Durtson, Evidence: Text and Materials (OUP 2008) 292 [2] Ibid 293 [3] Richardson [1973] 2 Q.B. 484 [4] Ibid [5] Skinner (1994) 99 Cr. App. R. 212 [6] [1990] 1 ALL ER 29 [7] [1996] 2 Cr. App. R. 544 [8] [2002] EWCA Crim. 01 [9] A. Keane, J. Griffiths and P. McKeown, The Modern Law of Evidence (8th edn, OUP 2010) 163 [10] Attorney-Generalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Reference (No. 3 of 1979) (1979) 69 Cr. App. R. 411, 414; see also Simmonds [1969] 1 Q.B. 685 [11] See Maugham v Habbard (1828) 8 B C. 14; Topham v McGregor (1844) 1 Car. Kir. 320 [12] (1828) 8 B C. 14 [13] Doe d Church and Phillips v Perkins (1790) 3 Term Rep. 749; Harvey (1869) 11 Cox C.C. 546 [14] R. Munday, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Refreshing Memory: Previous Statements that fails to Revive Witnessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2012) 176 JPN 213; P. Mirfield, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Evidential Memory, Forgetfulness and Identificationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (2013) 129 LQR 157 [15] J. Linda and M. Ramjohn, Unloc king Evidence (Hodder Education 2009) 134 [16] Ibid [17] Ibid [18] See J. Spencer and J. Flin, The Evidence of Children: The Law and Psychology (2nd edn, Blackstones 1993) 278-79 [19] S. Uglow, Evidence: Text and Materials (2nd edn, Sweet Maxwell 2006) 472 [20] See European Convention on Human Rights, Art. 6(3)(d) [21] Uglow, Evidence: Text and Materials (n. 19) 437 [22] Linda and Ramjohn, Unlocking Evidence (n. 15 ) 135 [23] P. Huxley, Evidence: The Fundamentals (2nd edn, Sweet Maxwell 2010) 56-57 [24] Keane, Griffiths and McKeown, The Modern Law of Evidence (n. 9) 163; P. Murphy, Murphy on Evidence (11th edn, OUP 2009) 571 [25] Linda and Ramjohn, Unlocking Evidence (n. 15) 140 [26] [1971] 2 Q.B. 484 [27] Lau Pak v R [1966] Crim. L.R. 443 [28] A. Choo, Evidence (3rd edn, OUP 2012) 76 [29] M. Newark and A. Samuels, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Refreshing Memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (1978) Crim. L.R. 408 [30] Ibid [31] Ibid [32] Uglow, Evidence: Text and Materials (n. 19) 443 [33] See Maugham v Habbard (1828) 8 B C. 14; Topham v McGregor (1844) 1 Car. Kir. 320; Kelsey (1982) 74 Cr. App. 213 [34] See Civil Evidence Act 1995, s. 6 [35] See, for example, Criminal Justice Act 1967, s. 9 and 10; CJA 2003, ss. 116 and 117

Experience, Formal Training And Internship - 1817 Words

I will demonstrate that the knowledge I have obtained through life experience, formal training and internship has equipped me to meet the course objectives listed for MBTS class U-CE405: Making Disciples CCC. In my early twenties, after a yearlong process of reading my Bible, I became a born again Christian. What followed was a tremendous journey filled with unbelief, discouragement and culminating finally with true faith. A year later the Lord called me into full time ministry, so in the fall of I995 I enrolled at Baptist Bible College in Springfield, MO. During my time at BBC, I not only learned of the deficiencies of most people’s view of discipleship, but I began a long journey in realizing my own. Over the course of 20 years many great men have met me â€Å"at the fork in the road† moments in the quest for biblical discipleship. Men such as Dr. Arthur Escobar taught me to love Jesus and the Bible, Dr. Steve Schrader taught me that even great Hebrew scholars wi ll put everything aside to mentor young men and Brother Doug Shivers taught me that sound theology matters. Perhaps most importantly it was what Jesus said that made the most impact, â€Å"Go and make disciples of all the nations and teach them to observe all that I have commanded.† Observe/obey what Jesus commanded--this is the operative word. Obey Jesus, put in the simplest of ways means to â€Å"follow me†. As outlined in the four course objectives I will show that my life experiences indeed meet the courseShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A New Internship Program Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesutilize the web for everything, including internship searches. With that being said, we plan to increase our presence on top tier universities’ recruiting websites. 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The aim of this article is to show that employee development develops a human capitalRead MoreOn the Job Training Methods1695 Words   |  7 PagesTraining The most frequently used method in smaller organizations that is on the job training. This method oftraining  uses more knowledgeable, experienced and skilled employees, such as mangers, supervisors to give training to less knowledgeable, skilled, and experienced employees. Training is defined as an organised procedure by which people learn knowledge/skill for a definite purpose. Thus, training improves, shapes and increases an employee’s knowledge, skill, behaviour, attitude and aptitudeRead MoreManaging People During The Construction Sector1515 Words   |  7 Pagesapparent in developing the areas around safety, employee well being, employee work life, equality and diversity. From a Micro standpoint, HRM is concerned with managing the nature of employment and issues of employee voice, as well as the employee’s experience at work and their work life balance (Adrian Wilkinson, Stewart Johnstone Keith Townsend, 2012) ‘Employee voice’ is a term used to cover many different areas but is solely defined where a member of an organisation can have his or her say and influenceRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Unpaid Internship1375 Words   |  6 Pagesjob which meet their expectations. Most major firms offer internship opportunities which give the student first-hand experience, providing a chance for them to immerse in the work, culture and the company business. Many people may argue that it is justifiable to have unpaid internship, because the opportunity to learn a specific skill inside a well-known company is priceless. However I beg to differ, the justification for unpaid internship is relatively weak, and no one should have to work for freeRead MoreThe Field Of Journalism And Education1320 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome better refined through furthering education and experiences. A journalist who desires to obtain a higher set of skills and more in-depth knowledge can do so by attendin g a university’s graduate program in the department of journalism or communications. In addition to graduate school, individuals seeking journalism as a potential career can enhance their skills through hands-on experiences in the field by applying for available internships. Furthermore, as a aspiring undergraduate journalistRead MoreMy Experience At My Work With A Blank Canvas786 Words   |  4 PagesTheme: Problem Solve Description: If you could start your internship over, what would you do differently? How would you set yourself up for greater success? My internship experience has been really good so far. It gave me an interesting opportunity to work with a blank canvas, enabled access to the decision making team, and provided the possibility of feedback on my projects. However, I can think of several situations that I would like to change or do differently. Following are the areas whereRead MoreStudent Internship Problems Of The State Of Kentucky2216 Words   |  9 PagesStudent Internship Problems in the state of Kentucky Abstract Internship is an important and unavoidable component of higher education. In the state of Kentucky, students of universities and institutions of higher education have been facing problems in getting the appropriate and effective internship training. This research studies the implementation of formal internship and cooperative pipeline training programs in colleges, universities and local industries in the field of applied engineeringRead MoreSample Resume : Training, Experience, And Support1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat will insure you are just as competent in your dealings internationally as one of our new employees. I strive to insure that we provide you with every tool and opportunity to succeed. My report will show that with proper organization, training, experience, and support, every intern will become a vital asset to our company. This will enhance the pool of potential candidates for full time employment and help you stand out from a completely new person. Regional Teams My first task will be toRead MoreShould College Be A Degree? Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesmany people go to college is to get an education, and eventually get degrees that will supposedly help them out in getting a job, but that is not entirely true. 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The School Vouchers Free Essays

Susie is a young girl who lives in Florida. Since kindergarten, she has attended a nearby private school. Her parents willingly pay her tuition, even though doing so forces them to cut other corners. We will write a custom essay sample on The School Vouchers or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do not mind these sacrifices, since they know that their daughter is getting the best education they can give her. Jesse lives downtown, in the inner city. She attends the local public school and struggles through her classes. Her mother would like to send her to a private school, where there is less violence and a calmer atmosphere, but cannot afford it. Then, Jesse†s mother learns that a voucher system has put into place for the entire state of Florida. Jesse†s inner city, spray-painted elementary school received a failing status, so she can receive a voucher to attend the school of her choice. With the money she receives from the voucher, Jesse†s mother is able to send her daughter to the same private school that Susie attends. Is it fair that Susie†s parents pinch pennies while Jesse†s mother send her on the bus for free? While meaning well, does the voucher system inadvertently discriminate against children like Susie whose parents must work extra hours to put their children through private school? Is the voucher system really the answer to the problems with American education today, or a way to transfer them somewhere else? American public schools have always had their flaws. In the nineteenth century, colleges complained of under-prepared freshmen; students who could not write an essay or even spell. A main controversy was bilingual education for newly naturalized immigrants. As America entered the early 1900s, the debate turned to the use of entertainment in the classroom. Teachers felt that they must put on a show in order to keep the attention of their pupils. The abandonment of phonics in the 1920s and 30s was believed to be the reason why the job market consisted of those with inadequate educational preparation. Social promotion and the replacement of the â€Å"three R†s† with emotional stability and attitude courses were the causes of concern in the 1940s. The 1950s brought an awareness of low standards. It was found that American children were lagging behind the average standards of the rest of the world. Safety in schools also became an issue; incoming teachers were warned of the â€Å"phys! ical courage† necessary to teach. Illiteracy became the main focus on the 1960s and 70s. Phonics (or the lack thereof) was once again to blame (Rothstein 2). Now, at the beginning of a new century, what problems have been fixed? Illiteracy is still high, American standards are still low, and graduates are still unprepared. Each generation feels that schools are worse than the generation before. America has been attempting to solve the problems with its education system for 200 years, but nothing has changed. According to Rothstein: Schools are not up to the task of readying young people for the challenges of the next century. An apparently watered down curriculum ensures that all students, regardless of whether they have mastered necessary skills, can graduate. â€Å"Social promotion† without requirements to master grade-appropriate skills is now commonplace, so even elite colleges must run â€Å"remedial† courses for freshmen in basic math and literacy, and business executives complain that high school graduates are ill-prepared for even relatively unskilled jobs (2). Are these complaints not the same ones that appeared a century ago? Improvement is desperately needed, but where should it start? Cleveland, Milwaukee, and the state of Florida have suggested an answer: a school voucher system. Voucher proponents believe that the system which they support is a starting place. Voucher proponents across the nation believe that through this program, which places the burden of improvement upon schools, progress can be made. The voucher system recently implemented in Florida is built around competition. The public schools have standards which they must uphold. Each year the state gives each school a letter grade which rates that school†s ability to keep the given standards. If the school receives an â€Å"F,† it stands to lose a great deal of its student body because of vouchers. This failing grade qualifies the children enrolled in the school to participate in the voucher program, giving each student between $3000 and $4000 to attend a private school (Kaczor 1). In theory, the system appears to be a well-planned step in the right direction. By penalizing â€Å"failing† schools and providing for their students, it seems progress could be made. Voucher proponents believe that by giving schools grades, each one will strive to be the best, receive an â€Å"A,† and gain a higher enrollment. However, will it really make a large impact upon the innumerable problems which exist in today†s education system? This year, only two of Florida†s 2500 public schools received a failing grade. And, in these two schools, only 52 students chose to participate in the state†s voucher system (Kaczor 1). While 52 children may be having a better school year, what about the hundreds of others across the state suffering from a poor education? Certainly, those 52 students are not the only ones in the state of Florida who were receiving a less than adequate education. Yet, the state granted approximately $200,000 to support the voucher system. If that money had b! een given to the schools, they could improve themselves, so that they were no longer considered â€Å"failing.† Instead, they were penalized by a drop in enrollment. How then can a failing school be expected to improve? As soon as it receives such a stigma, its students leave and funding is terminated. Ralph Neas, president of People for the American Way, told the press, â€Å"The voucher program is costing millions of dollars that would be better spent on improving education for the majority of Milwaukee†s schoolchildren† (Whitmire 1). The voucher system implements a great amount of tax dollars to aid a relatively small number of students. While seeming to neutralize problems in American education, it simply creates more by denying failing schools the chance to improve. There is another major loophole in the voucher system: there is no way to calculate if any improvement has been made in the academic performance of students using vouchers. A comparison between public and private school students† achievements is prevented because each uses different tests. In Cleveland, where an inner-city voucher system, is in place, researchers have reached no clear conclusions about the program†s effectiveness (Whitmire 1). Without this information, there is no way to determine if giving children a voucher brings scholastic improvement. There are definite problems with the American education system; problems the nation has battled for more than a century. Reform is needed, but the school voucher system is not the answer. If the plan would go nation-wide, 50 million children would be dropped at the doorsteps of private schools. Currently, only 10 percent of families send their children to private schools (Tyack 2). This small number of elite schools could not possibly accommodate the boom in enrollment caused by student with vouchers. What then? It is very likely that private schools would spring up overnight in response to the sudden number of children seeking to use government money at private schools. Who can guarantee that these schools will be of a better quality than the public schools which came before them (Roberts, Glenn 22)? If the voucher system were implemented, public school, as they are currently known, would cease to exist. The tax dollars necessary to fund public school improvements and the voucher system simultaneously do not exist. Our public schools need immediate attention to the condition of their physical plants, the training of their teachers (many of whom teach in areas which they have no special expertise), the size of their classes and the equipment and supplies they need, and the quality of their hopes for the children entrusted to them. They need the money that vouchers would bleed away (Roberts, Glenn 23). Instead of taking this money away form the nation†s failing schools, it should be pumped into them and put to work. Education tax dollars should be put to work solving the problems in American schools. The voucher system is an escape out the back door. It simply transfers all of the issues out of the public schools, placing them in the hands of the private community. How to cite The School Vouchers, Papers

Identification of A the Specified Name and A Specific Symbol

Question: Deference between Brand Loyalty Versus Customer Loyalty? Answer: Intrroducation: The brand loyalty regarding the pattern of the purchase has been observed for a product of highly differentiated category. Identification of a specified name and a specific symbol which help in distinguishing the product with the unique specification that it have form the other competitors is termed as branding. The objective of the marketer is creating a brand loyalty that will help them to gain sustainable advantages in the field of competitive market. In recent time band loyalty is becoming one of the most emerging concepts for gaining the competitive edge where there are numerous similar products in the market. Brand loyalty thus helps in achieving the generation of high level market for getting the maximum competitive advantages from the companies who are in the same business (Laroche, Habibi Richard, 2013). Numerous companies concentrated on creating the brand loyalty and according to that formulated the strategies of marketing. It is seen that when the price started to increa se it has an effect on the brand loyalty and when it is decreasing the brand loyalty starts increasing. On the other hand promotional sales in order to increase the customer loyalty are also an important factor of the marketing. Offering discounts and offers to the customers are generally termed as Customer loyalty (Zakaria et al., 2014). The essay is about the brand loyalty competing with the discount offers. The thesis statement can be formulated as the customer loyalty having an impact on the brand loyalty. The main ideas that the essay will contain how brand loyalty is receiving an heavy competition from the discounts and offering, factors affecting the brand loyalty, the way of establishing the brand loyalty in a market obsessed with discount. The main difference between brand loyalty and customer loyalty is brand loyalty is what the customers have in their mind and customer loyalty is what the customers have in their wallet. Customer loyalty programs helps in having smaller margin of gain but the sell took place at a high volume due to the factors of discounts and offerings where as brand loyalty is all about having higher margins of profits but volume of sell will be less. Brand loyalty above all this has the capability of achieving high volumes and having added bonus of margins. The value of the money is increasing day by day. Therefore customer loyalty which is giving offer and discounts to the customer will be getting more and more customers and the brand loyalty will face the danger. It is seen that customers are tending more towards the customer loyalty than the brand loyalty in retailing or grocery stores (Orel Kara, 2014). The investigation done against the thesis statement shows that promotion plays a significant influence against the brand loyalty. The sales promotion has become significant intruder in the environment of business. The company is allocating a major part of their budget in sales and promotion. Companies are now focusing on the short term sale for gaining profit and brand loyalty cannot be attends with the help of short term sale. The marketing managers are formulating new strategies regarding customer loyalty like loyalty cards, discounts line buy one get one and discounts on products which attracted the customers than that of brand. The customers are getting attracted due to the appealing price of the product and thus are not staying loyal with their brands. For instance, the customer who is the prime users of Lee apparel is tending to make a change towards the discounted products. However this transformation also depends on the economic structure of the company (Jeong, Cha Jang, 2016). The reason for this is as the price of the branded products is much more therefore if the country is not that developed economically the customers will tend towards the discounted products. In number of research is seen that customer loyalty that is providing promotion and discounts for getting hold of the market which shows that customers are deviating from their brands. Companies are achieving the process of sales promotion for achieving their sales equipped with excellent loyalty to the customers. It is also seen that sales promotion is becoming the decision making process for the customers in order to select their brands. T his shows that the factors of price are becoming significant in the decision of purchase (Rubino, Oubina Villasenor, 2014). This is enough to describe that customers are no longer loyal to their brand when it comes to the field of customer loyalty. In the recent times it is seen that e-commerce is also playing a significant role in having an adverse effect for the brand loyalty. The e-commerce site like Amazon and Flipkart are taking the maximum base of the customers. Customers are receiving the Customer loyalty facility by having large discounts on the products and more over they dont have to visit the outlets for buying the products. Therefore this e-commerce site is also taking the customers who were loyal to their brand. It can be said that customer loyalty is having a great effect on brand loyalty (Machado, Cant Seaborne, 2014). The factors affecting brand loyalty are the product quality, price, advertising and quality of service. If the quality of the product satisfies the requirement of the customers then that product will certainly attain brand loyalty. The product is stated to be fit for use. The customers mainly tends to get divert from a certain brand is due to the quality of the product. The customers who are loyal to their brand generally tend to pay higher price for their brand and the price factor does not matter to them (Severi Ling, 2013). Advertising plays a significant role in achieving the brand loyalty. The more the promotion is done for the product through advertising the indirect communication with the customers becomes significant. Advertising also helps the customer to develop the idea that the product is distinguishable. Therefore, proper advertising of the product helps the band switcher and the inconsistent customer in becoming loyal to their brand. The quality of service also signifi cantly affects the brand loyalty. The service quality provided by brand to the customers ensures the customers that the product they are buying from a particular brand store will provide them the service in future. Trust as well as good relationship in between the customers and the brand representatives also increases the brand loyalty of the customers (Kim, Park Kim, 2014). But there is an exceptional case where we can exhibit that this company has still maintained the brand loyalty of the customers in the blooming market of customer loyalty. The name of the company is Apple and the threats like discounts; offer has not still affected the brand loyalty. Therefore in other terms it may be said that if the establishment of brand loyalty and maintaining it, is done in an excellent way then it may not affect in any circumstances. The first thing that the multinational company did in order to build the brand loyalty is they build the good relationship with their customers. The customer felt that the brand is trustworthy as well as transparent. The relationship built with the customer is by embracing internet and social media. They started communicating with their people directly on twitter (Mourad Youssef, 2016). Therefore they built a good relationship with the customers and that help them when they were first introduced in the market. Secondly the vital w ay of continuing brand loyalty is adapting the approach of movement marketing. The customer should not be said about what the company makes but instead they should be informed on what the company believes. This touches the nerve of the target market and once this is achieved it can be said that the brand is established and brand loyalty could be obtained. For example Apple statement of mission states Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings (Singh Uncles, 2016). This particular mission statement helps apple to gain the brand loyalty as brand loyalty comes within from the customers. Customers could not be fooled and their brand loyalty could not be achieved. Apart from this example there are few companies which are running on the brand loyalty. Every company is now introduced the customer loyalty program in order to obtain the sustainable advantages in competitive market. But from my point of view there should be mix and match for both customer as well as brand loyalty in the market. Sometimes customer loyalty should be given value in some seasons and sometimes the company should run on brand loyalty. Then there will be existing fair competition in the market. Reference List Jeong, M. S., Cha, J. E., Jang, D. H. (2016). Impact of the Service Quality of Horseback Riding Experience on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty-In Case of Jangsu Horse Riding Experience Course.Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning,22(2), 131-140. Kim, K., Park, J., Kim, J. (2014). Consumerbrand relationship quality: When and how it helps brand extensions.Journal of Business Research,67(4), 591-597. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M. O. (2013). To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), 76-82. Machado, R., Cant, M. C., Seaborne, H. (2014). Experiential marketing on brand advocacy: a mixed-method approach on global apple product users.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),13(5), 955. Mourad, M., Youssef, K. (2016). Brands Loyalty: Empirical Evidence from the Emerging Egyptian Mobile Industry.International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM),7(4), 40-57. Orel, F. D., Kara, A. (2014). Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), 118-129. Rubio, N., Oubia, J., Villaseor, N. (2014). Brand awarenessBrand quality inference and consumers risk perception in store brands of food products.Food quality and preference,32, 289-298. Severi, E., Ling, K. C. (2013). The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity.Asian Social Science,9(3), 125. Singh, J., Uncles, M. (2016). Measuring the market performance of brands.The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management, 13. Zakaria, I., Rahman, B. A., Othman, A. K., Yunus, N. A. M., Dzulkipli, M. R., Osman, M. A. F. (2014). The relationship between loyalty program, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in retail industry: A case study.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,129, 23-30.

Ellasaurus Product Essay Example For Students

Ellasaurus Product Essay Ellen will use some copyrighted illustrations from her books on the Website. She will also include themes from the story lines of her books in some of the games that will be available (free) on the site to registered visitors. What are at least two intellectual property issues that might arise in the operation of the website? The first intellectual issue in the operation of the website will be in relation to the copyrighted illustration and contents which will be used on the website. Ellen will need to ensure that such use of copyrighted content does not violate intellectual property laws and due permission and authorization is taken from the owners of such copyrighted content, ie, the publisher of the books. Secondly, the games used on the website should be proprietary and if such games are taken from another website, permission from the owner of such content should be taken in advance. Ellen cannot display any proprietary or copyrighted content from another website or from any other source. Permission should be taken in advance and legal formalities should be completed before using any such material. What are some of the potential ethical issues that Ellen faces because of the ages of her intended audience? The primary ethical issue, due to the age of the target audience, is that the content of the website should be carefully developed so as to ensure that it is fully appropriate for the children and kids visiting the website. The owner of the websites should be ethically conscious in creating content that does not impart any wrong message to small kids and should enhance their knowledge and does not result in any harm. For example, the site should not display pornographic content. What are some of the laws with which the site must comply with when it registers site visitors under the age of 13? What are some recommendations regarding how Ellen can best comply with those laws? One of the laws is that the site does not knowingly collect or solicit Personally Identifiable Information from or about children under 13 except as permitted by law. Another one is that Company will not disclose information collected from children under the age of thirteen (13) (or from adults for that matter) to third parties unless indicated otherwise or in special cases where Company has reason to believe that disclosure is necessary to identify, contact or bring legal action against someone who may be causing injury to or interference (whether intentionally or unintentionally) with Companys rights or property or anyone else who may be harmed by such actions or if required by law Ellen can best comply with such laws by hiring the services of a lawyer or legal professional who has significant expertise with cyber laws.